Red and Processed Meat Effects on the Metabolome and Microbiome

红肉和加工肉对代谢组和微生物组的影响

• 批准号: 10191413
• 负责人: Marian L Neuhouser
• 金额: $ 18.59万
• 依托单位: FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-05-21 至 2022-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10191413
• 关键词: 2-Amino-1-Methyl-6-Phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine; Address; Adherence; Adult; Affect; American; American Heart Association; Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons; Biological; Biological Markers; Blood; Carcinogens; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chronic Disease; Cohort Studies; Consensus; Consumption; Cross-Sectional Studies; DNA Adducts; Data; Development; Diet; Dietary Practices; Eating; Enrollment; Evaluation; Feasibility Studies; Feces; Fees; Female; Food; Funding; Generations; Genes; Health; Health Professional; Healthy Eating; Heterocyclic Amines; Home; Hour; Human; Institutes; Intake; International Agencies; Link; Lipids; Longitudinal observational study; Malignant Neoplasms; Measures; Meat; Meta-Analysis; Metabolic; Metabolism; Nature; Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; Outcome Study; Participant; Pathway interactions; Patient Self-Report; Pilot Projects; Population; Processed Meats; Proteins; Publishing; Randomized; Randomized Controlled Trials; Recommendation; Reporting; Research; Research Design; Residual state; Risk; Sampling; Science; Series; Source; Structure; System; Testing; Update; Urine; anticancer research; arm; base; carcinogenicity; cardiovascular disorder risk; cohort; design; dietary; dietary guidelines; digital; feeding; food preparation; good diet; gut microbiome; gut microbiota; high risk; indexing; insight; male; metabolome; metabolomics; microbial; microbiome; nutrition; pilot trial; population health; rRNA Genes; response; stool sample; systematic review; trimethyloxamine

PROJECT SUMMARY Recent controversy has arisen concerning whether frequent intake of red and processed meat can be part of a healthy diet, or whether red and processed meat should be avoided or consumed only in moderation. Consumers and health care professionals are confused by these opposing views and research is needed to definitively guide dietary recommendations. Observational cohorts have found that those who self-report frequent red and processed meat intake have higher risk of several diet-related chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes and cancer compared to those with low or no intake of these foods. These findings are valuable, but self-reported diet without biological markers does not advance science towards understanding biological mechanisms. Some cohort studies have reported links between red and processed meat consumption and health related biomarkers such as lipids or food preparation-generated biomarkers such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heterocyclic amines (HAs). However, many of these studies examined the associations of red and processed meat with blood or urine biomarkers in cross- sectional analyses, leaving the possibility for residual confounding and an inability to draw causal inference. Further, often only one pathway or one compound was measured in these studies, limiting insight into multiple pathways affected by red and processed meat consumption. And no studies have tested red and processed meat on systems-wide biomarkers using the metabolome and microbiome. To overcome these evidence gaps we will conduct a rigorous randomized cross-over feeding trial, which is a study design optimally suited for investigating mechanisms linking food intake with metabolic response due to the ability to carefully control food intake. This pilot, controlled feeding trial will enroll 20 heathy adult females and males. Participants will consume two diets, in random order: 1) Diet A is based on the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and includes no red or processed meat; 2) Diet B is based on the Healthy Eating Index-2015 and includes red and processed meat (HEI-2015-M) as primary protein sources. Both diet periods last 21 days and a 21-day washout period occurs between diets. All food is prepared in a metabolic kitchen and either picked up by participants or delivered by courier to their homes. Two types of mechanistic biomarkers are outcomes for this study, both reflecting systems-wide readouts: (1) metabolomics; and (2) gut microbiota. Blood, 24-hour urine and stool are collected before and after the experimental diets to test these specific aims: (1) Identify the extent and nature of shifts in the metabolome when consuming a standard HEI-2015 diet compared to a HEI-2015-M diet; and (2) Identify and characterize modulation of the gut microbial community when consuming a standard HEI-2015 diet compared to a HEI-2015-M diet. This pilot trial is expected to provide discovery, mechanistic data on the impact of red and processed meat intake on human metabolism that will be used to design and power a larger randomized controlled trial.

项目概要 最近出现了关于频繁摄入红肉和加工肉类是否可以成为健康的一部分的争论。 健康饮食，或者是否应避免或适量食用红肉和加工肉类。 消费者和医疗保健专业人士对这些相反的观点感到困惑，需要进行研究 明确指导饮食建议。观察队列发现，那些自我报告的人 经常摄入红肉和加工肉类会增加患多种饮食相关慢性疾病的风险，例如 与那些很少或不摄入这些食物的人相比，会患心血管疾病、二型糖尿病和癌症。 这些发现很有价值，但没有生物标记的自我报告饮食并不能推动科学进步 理解生物学机制。一些队列研究报告了红色和 加工肉类消费和健康相关的生物标志物，例如脂质或食品制备产生的 生物标志物，例如多环芳烃 (PAH) 和杂环胺 (HA)。然而，许多 其中的研究检查了红肉和加工肉与血液或尿液生物标志物的交叉关联 分段分析，留下了残留混杂的可能性，并且无法得出因果推论。 此外，这些研究中通常只测量一种途径或一种化合物，限制了对多种途径的深入了解。 受红肉和加工肉类消费影响的途径。没有研究测试过红色并进行处理 使用代谢组和微生物组对全系统生物标志物进行肉类分析。为了克服这些证据差距 我们将进行严格的随机交叉喂养试验，这是一项最适合的研究设计 由于能够仔细控制食物，因此研究将食物摄入与代谢反应联系起来的机制 摄入量。这项控制喂养试点试验将招募 20 名健康的成年雌性和雄性。参与者将 按随机顺序食用两种饮食： 1) 饮食 A 基于 2015 年健康饮食指数 (HEI-2015)，并且 不含红肉或加工肉类； 2) 饮食 B 基于 2015 年健康饮食指数，包括红色和 加工肉类（HEI-2015-M）作为主要蛋白质来源。两个节食期均持续 21 天，而节食期则持续 21 天。 饮食之间存在冲洗期。所有食物均在新陈代谢厨房中准备，并由 参与者或通过快递送到他们家。两种类型的机械生物标志物是这种结果 研究，两者都反映了系统范围的读数：（1）代谢组学； (2)肠道微生物群。血液、24小时尿液 在实验饮食之前和之后收集粪便，以测试这些具体目标：（1）确定程度 与 HEI-2015-M 相比，食用标准 HEI-2015 饮食时代谢组变化的性质 饮食; (2) 识别并表征食用标准品时肠道微生物群落的调节 HEI-2015 饮食与 HEI-2015-M 饮食相比。该试点试验预计将提供发现、机制 有关红肉和加工肉类摄入对人体新陈代谢影响的数据将用于设计和 为更大规模的随机对照试验提供动力。