Neuromuscular control of the mammalian tongue

哺乳动物舌头的神经肌肉控制

• 批准号: 7546629
• 负责人: Ralph Frank Fregosi
• 金额: $ 31.47万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-01-01 至 2011-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7546629
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Agonist; Animals; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Breathing; Cells; Cephalic; Code; Cranial Nerves; Data; Deglutition; Electrophysiology (science); Face; Feedback; Fiber; Figs - dietary; Goals; Homeostasis; Human; Individual; Intercostal Muscles; Laboratories; Mammals; Mastication; Measurement; Measures; Mechanical ventilation; Mechanics; Mechanoreceptors; Methods; Modeling; Motor; Motor Neurons; Movement; Muscle; Neuraxis; Neurons; Obstructive Sleep Apnea; Output; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Phase; Physiological; Physiology; Population; Positioning Attribute; Property; Rattus; Recruitment Activity; Relative (related person); Research Personnel; Respiration; Respiratory Diaphragm; Respiratory Muscles; Respiratory System; Rodent; Shapes; Skeletal Muscle; Source; Specificity; Speech; Spinal; Structure; Synapses; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Tongue; Training; Variant; Work; base; central pattern generator; driving behavior; expiration; falls; human data; in vivo Model; insight; knowledge base; motor control; motor deficit; neuromuscular; pharynx muscle; pressure; receptor; relating to nervous system; research study; respiratory; treatment strategy

The tongue muscles participate in such diverse activities as breathing, swallowing, speech and mastication, and are thus critical for homeostasis. Fibers from eight different muscles insert into the mammaliantongue and control its movement, shape and stiffness, but the control of tongue muscle motor units has been largely ignored. Our goal is to explore how the central nervous system controls a patterned behavior (drive controlled by the respiratory central pattern generator, CPG) that involves multiple muscles acting on a single mechanical structure, by addressing the following issues: 1) motoneurons driving tongue protrudor and retractor muscles receive significant common synaptic input even though they have opposite mechanical actions on the tongue, suggesting that agonist-antagonist co-activation controlstongue stiffness; 2) respiratory-related input to tongue and "primary" inspiratory muscles (diaphragm, intercostals) is derived from independent sources; 3) Models predict that motor unit spike trains become more variable as synaptic input to the cell is increased. This can be tested by measuring the change in spike train variability when excitatory synaptic input is superimposed on the underlying input emanating from the respiratory CPG; 4} Motor units innervating tongue muscles with respiratory related activity fall into two functional populations; those that rate code when drive to the muscle increases, and those that do not. Wepropose that the firing rate of motor units that do not rate code saturates despite increases in synaptic input; and we will test this hypothesis; 5) Individual motor units within a muscle comprise at least four, task-specific sub- populations (inspiratory, expiratory, tonic and expiratory-inspiratory units), and the task specificity of a given unit depends on its contractile properties. Experiments will be done in anesthetized, spontaneously breathing adult rats. Techniques used include single motor unit electrophysiology, cross correlation analysis and the measurement of ventilatory output. The results of these experimentswill contribute to the knowledge base needed to develop treatment strategies for obstructive sleep apnea, swallowingdisorders, and oro-facial motor deficits.

舌头肌肉参加了呼吸，吞咽，言语和咀嚼等各种活动， 因此对于体内平衡至关重要。来自八种不同肌肉的纤维插入哺乳动物 并控制其运动，形状和刚度，但舌头肌肉运动单元的控制已经 在很大程度上被忽略了。我们的目标是探索中枢神经系统如何控制图案行为（驱动器 由呼吸中央模式发生器控制，CpG），涉及多个作用于A的肌肉 单个机械结构，通过解决以下问题：1）运动神经元驾驶舌头刺激器 牵开器肌肉即使它们的相反 舌头上的机械作用，表明激动剂 - 抗抗抗激素的共激活控制器 刚性; 2）与呼吸有关的舌头输入和“原发性”灵感肌肉（隔膜，肋间）是 来自独立来源； 3）模型预测，随着电动机单元尖峰列车的变化更加可变 对细胞的突触输入增加。可以通过测量尖峰火车可变性的变化来测试这一点 当兴奋性突触输入叠加在呼吸中的基础输入上 Cpg; 4}电动机支配舌头肌肉与呼吸相关活性落入两个功能 人口；那些在开车到肌肉时对代码进行评分的人会增加，而那些则不增加。 Wepropose 尽管突触输入增加了，但不评价代码的电机单元的发射速率饱和；还有我们 将检验这一假设； 5）肌肉中的单个电动机单元至少包括四个，特定于任务的子 - 人群（灵感，呼气，补品和呼气启发性单位）以及给定的任务特异性 单位取决于其收缩特性。实验将在麻醉中进行，自发进行 呼吸成年大鼠。所使用的技术包括单电机单元电生理学，跨相关性 分析和通气输出的测量。这些实验的结果将有助于 为了制定阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停，吞咽供应的治疗策略所需的知识库， 和Oro-Facial运动不足。