The Effect of Sterotype Threat in Police Encounters on Behaviorial and Affective Outcomes

警察遭遇中的刻板威胁对行为和情感结果的影响

基本信息

批准号：
9914828
负责人：
Anna Abate
金额：
$ 3.54万
依托单位：
SAM HOUSTON STATE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-04-03 至 2020-08-14
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9914828
关键词：
Accounting Acute Address Adrenal Glands Affective African American Aggressive behavior Anxiety Automobile Driving Award Behavior Behavioral Biological Cognitive Complex Data Discipline Disease Emotional Ethnic Origin Face Fright Functional disorder Funding Hand Health Hispanics Hormones Hydrocortisone Hypothalamic structure Impairment Individual Knowledge Lead Legal Link Literature Long-Term Effects Measures Mediating Mental Depression Mental Health Mental disorders Minority Minority Groups Mission Modeling National Institute of Mental Health Neurobiology Outcome Participant Patient Self-Report Performance Physiological Pituitary Gland Play Police Police officer Population Heterogeneity Postdoctoral Fellow Procedures Process Psyche structure Psychopathology Public Health Publications Race Randomized Reading Research Research Domain Criteria Research Methodology Research Personnel Research Project Grants Research Proposals Resources Risk Role Salivary Sampling Social Behavior Stereotyping Stress Testing Testosterone Theoretical model Training Writing base behavior measurement biopsychosocial career cognitive performance doctoral student experience grasp information processing mental function negative affect neuromechanism programs racial and ethnic scaffold skills social social cognition social situation statistics stressor theories young adult

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Black and Hispanic individuals experience disproportionate levels of police contact1 and it has been hypothesized that stereotype threat—the fear of confirming negative stereotypes about one’s group— negatively influences police-minority interactions2-4. It is well documented that experiencing stereotype threat has negative behavioral, affective, cognitive, and health consequences5—possibly accounting for disparities in physical/mental health outcomes among racial/ethnic minorities6. Thus, the broad aim of this study is to examine the role stereotype threat may play in racial/ethnic minority group interactions with police officers. Prior research suggests that stereotype threat acts as an acute stressors and leads to dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis7,8, leading to anxiety9 or aggression10. Social information processing theory adds to this picture by indicating stressful social situations (e.g., stereotype threat) result in aggression or negative affectivity (i.e., anxiety or depression) due to dysfunction in social cognition. One previous study has examined stereotype threat in a legal context3; however, no studies have linked stereotype threat in a legal setting with downstream effects on negative affect and aggressive behavior. Further, no studies have examined the theorized biological and social cognitive mechanisms driving these effects. This research proposal addresses these gaps by (a) examining whether the relation between stereotype threat induction in a legal context and aggressive behavior/negative affective states is mediated by cortisol and testosterone levels, (b) examining whether the previously documented relation between stereotype threat induction and aggressive behavior/negative affective states is mediated by dysfunction in social cognition, and (c) examining whether race/ethnicity act as a moderator of stereotype threat effect. This proposal utilizes a biopsychosocial model of psychopathology that reflects the Research Domain Criteria’s (RDoC) framework of integrating multiple levels of analysis (i.e., neurobiological, behavioral, social- cognitive). Specifically, it reflects the mission of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) to transform the understanding of mental illness by identifying neural mechanisms in specific domains of mental function. Reflecting these missions and frameworks, this study aims to elucidate how cognitive (i.e., social cognition) and biological (i.e., cortisol and testosterone levels) processes mediate stress (i.e., stereotype threat) processes to confer risk for mental disorders, spanning multiple levels of analysis (e.g., self-report and behavioral data) to uncover fundamental mechanisms (e.g., biological, cognitive) of complex social behavior in diverse populations. Finally, this award will aid in the training of a young researcher seeking to understand the mechanisms associated with negative outcomes of stereotype threat in minority young adults by providing necessary scaffolding toward an independent research career, providing opportunities for advanced research skills and enhanced breadth and depth of knowledge across disciplines.

项目概要/摘要黑人和西班牙裔人与警察接触的程度不成比例1，而且排除了刻板印象的威胁——害怕确认对一个群体的负面刻板印象—— 有充分证据表明，经历刻板印象威胁会对警察与少数群体的互动产生负面影响2-4。具有负面的行为、情感、认知和健康后果5——可能是造成差异的原因因此，本研究的总体目标是研究陈规定型观念威胁在种族/族裔少数群体与警察互动中可能发挥的作用先前的研究表明，刻板印象威胁是一种急性压力源，会导致失调。下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺 (HPA) 轴7,8，导致焦虑 9 或攻击性 10。处理理论通过表明压力社会情境（例如，刻板印象威胁）导致了这一情况，从而补充了这一图景由于社会认知功能障碍而导致的攻击性或负面情感（即焦虑或抑郁）。先前的研究已经在法律背景下考察了陈规定型观念的威胁3；然而，没有研究将陈规定型观念联系起来；法律环境中的威胁会对负面影响和攻击行为产生下游影响。研究检验了驱动这些影响的理论生物和社会认知机制。研究提案通过以下方式解决这些差距：(a) 是否审查刻板印象威胁之间的关系法律背景下的诱导和攻击行为/消极情感状态是由皮质醇和睾酮水平，(b) 检查先前记录的刻板印象威胁之间是否存在关系诱导和攻击行为/消极情感状态是由社会认知功能障碍介导的， (c) 检查种族/族裔是否充当定型观念威胁效应的调节因素。利用反映研究领域标准的精神病理学生物心理社会模型（RDoC）整合多个层面的分析框架（即神经生物学、行为学、社会学）具体来说，它反映了国家心理健康研究所 (NIMH) 的使命：改变通过识别心理功能特定领域的神经机制来理解精神疾病。这项研究反映了这些使命和框架，旨在阐明认知（即社交）如何认知）和生物（即皮质醇和睾酮水平）过程介导压力（即刻板印象威胁）过程赋予精神障碍风险，跨越多个分析层次（例如自我报告和行为数据）以揭示基本机制（例如生物、认知）最后，该奖项将有助于培训年轻人。研究人员试图了解与刻板印象威胁的负面结果相关的机制少数族裔年轻人为独立研究事业提供必要的脚手架，获得先进研究技能以及增强跨学科知识广度和深度的机会。