Prevention of Adolescent Risky Behaviors: Neural Markers of Intervention Effects

预防青少年危险行为：干预效果的神经标志物

基本信息

批准号：
9914097
负责人：
UMA RAO
金额：
$ 63.04万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-07-01 至 2022-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9914097
关键词：
13 year old AIDS/HIV problem Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Address Adolescence Adolescent Adolescent Risk Behavior Affect African American Alcohol consumption Alcohol or Other Drugs use Behavior Behavior Therapy Behavioral Biological Biology Brain Brain region Cessation of life Child Rearing Cognitive Computers Dangerous Behavior Data Decision Making Development Discrimination Drug usage Effectiveness of Interventions Emotional Equilibrium Exposure to Family Fibrinogen Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Goals HIV HIV risk Health Individual Individual Differences Informal Social Control Intervention Intervention Studies Knowledge Lead Link Longevity Measures Mediating Methods Morbidity - disease rate Neighborhoods Neurobiology Neurosciences Outcome Pathway interactions Pharmaceutical Preparations Poverty Prevention Prevention program Process Puberty Race Randomized Randomized Controlled Trials Reporting Rest Rewards Risk Risk Behaviors Risk-Taking Services Sex Behavior Sexually Transmitted Diseases Social Change Social Environment Societies Stress Subgroup Suicide System Task Performances Testing Time Violence Virus Diseases Vulnerable Populations Waiting Lists Youth alcohol consequences alcohol response base behavioral outcome cognitive control contextual factors cost design efficacy study functional MRI scan health disparity high risk high risk behavior implementation strategy improved insight intervention effect intervention program mortality neural circuit neurobiological mechanism peer post intervention premature prevent programs protective factors psychologic psychosocial puberty transition racial and ethnic randomized controlled design relating to nervous system response segregation sex social social culture stressor success vehicular accident young adult

项目摘要

Adolescence is a time of dramatic biological, behavioral and social changes. It is one of the healthiest periods of the life-span, yet morbidity and mortality rates increase 200%, often attributed to natural tendencies to explore and take risks that increase vulnerability to risky and dangerous behaviors. Rapid advances in developmental neuroscience are revealing new insights into how biology and social context interact to increase adolescents' risk-taking behavior which is attributed to a temporal disassociation between maturational changes in two distinct neural systems: “socio-emotional” (reward) and “cognitive-control” (self-regulation). The socio-emotional system is stimulated by a rapid increase in dopaminergic activity at puberty, which influences reward-seeking behavior. This increase in reward-seeking precedes the maturation of the cognitive-control system and its connections to the reward system. This proposal aims to apply these new insights on neurobiology of adolescents' responses to alcohol/drug use and sex-related risk opportunities by examining brain changes in response to a theoretically- based and empirically-tested prevention program that targets risky behavior in African-American youth during pubertal transition. This racial group is disproportionately affected by the high morbidity and mortality associated with HIV-related risky behaviors and exemplifies a significant health disparity in our society. The intervention was designed on the basis of developmental issues and socio-cultural contextual processes germane to African- American families, and has been shown in randomized controlled trials to delay/deter HIV-related risky behaviors in this vulnerable population. This proposal extends the efficacy studies of the intervention by using functional magnetic resonance imaging to quantify the biological changes in response to the intervention. Identifying neural substrates of the intervention can facilitate refinement of the program by focusing on the components that are most effective in changing behavioral and neural circuitry and also aid in the development of new interventions for subgroups of youth that don't have a positive outcome. Using a randomized controlled design, we will assess the neural substrates of risk-taking and risk-avoidant behavior before and after the 6-week computer-interactive, family-based intervention in 11-13 year-old African-American youth. Psychological processes shown to mediate the intervention effects on behaviors that dissuade alcohol and drug use and sexual onset (i.e. reward-drive and cognitive-emotional self-regulation) will be assessed at baseline and 3 months post-intervention. Based on prior studies that reported observable brain changes in response to psychosocial interventions, our hypothesis is that a positive response to the intervention will be associated with greater functional connectivity changes between the socio-emotional (reward-drive) and cognitive-control (self-regulation) components of the neural circuitry compared to the control condition, both at rest and during task-performance. We also postulate that these neural changes will mediate the intervention's positive effects on psychological processes involved in youth's decision to avoid HIV-risk vulnerability behaviors in the service of long-term personal goals and positive health outcomes.

青春期是生物、行为和社会发生巨大变化的时期，也是最健康的时期之一。寿命延长，但发病率和死亡率增加 200%，这通常归因于探索的自然倾向并承担会增加对危险和危险行为的脆弱性的风险。神经科学正在揭示生物学和社会背景如何相互作用以提高青少年的新见解冒险行为归因于两个不同的成熟变化之间的时间分离神经系统：“社会情感”（奖励）和“认知控制”（自我调节）。青春期多巴胺能活动的快速增加会刺激大脑，从而影响寻求奖励的行为。这种寻求奖励的增加先于认知控制系统及其与该提案旨在将这些新见解应用于青少年反应的神经生物学。通过检查大脑的变化来应对酒精/药物的使用和性相关的风险机会基于并经过实证检验的预防计划，针对非裔美国青年的危险行为该种族群体受到相关高发病率和死亡率的影响尤为严重。与艾滋病毒相关的危险行为，并体现了我们社会中巨大的健康差异。设计基于与非洲密切相关的发展问题和社会文化背景进程美国家庭，随机对照试验已证明可以延迟/阻止与艾滋病毒相关的危险行为该提案通过使用功能性方法扩展了干预措施的功效研究。磁共振成像可量化响应干预的生物变化。干预的基础可以通过关注以下组成部分来促进计划的完善在改变行为和神经回路方面最有效，也有助于开发新的干预措施对于没有取得积极结果的青少年亚组，我们将使用随机对照设计进行评估。 6周计算机交互前后冒险和规避风险行为的神经基础，对 11-13 岁非裔美国青年的家庭干预显示出调解作用。对阻止酗酒、吸毒和性行为（即奖赏驱动和性行为）的干预效果认知情绪自我调节）将在基线和干预后 3 个月进行评估。研究报告了可观察到的大脑对心理社会干预的反应变化，我们的假设是对干预的积极反应将与更大的功能连接变化相关神经回路的社会情感（奖励驱动）和认知控制（自我调节）组成部分与控制条件相比，在休息和执行任务期间，我们还假设这些神经元。变化将调节干预措施对青年决策所涉及的心理过程的积极影响为了实现长期个人目标和积极的健康成果，避免艾滋病毒风险的脆弱行为。