Impact of Maternal Diet and Supplements on Breast Milk Composition

母亲饮食和补充剂对母乳成分的影响

• 批准号: 9912500
• 负责人: Kirsi Jarvinen-Seppo
• 金额: $ 16.81万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-04-01 至 2022-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9912500
• 关键词: Affect; Allergic; Allergic Disease; Antibodies; Asthma; Back; Bifidobacterium; Biological; Biological Assay; Breast Feeding; Butter; Cattle; Cheese; Cohort Studies; Communicable Diseases; Complex; Computer software; Dairy Products; Data; Development; Diet; Diet Records; Disease; Disease Outcome; Eczema; Environment; Equation; Exposure to; Fatty Acids; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Food; Food Hypersensitivity; Frequencies; Genetic; Grant; High Pressure Liquid Chromatography; Human; Human Milk; Hypersensitivity; Immune; Immune response; Immunity; Immunoglobulin A; Immunologic Markers; Infant; Infant Development; Information Systems; Intake; Kefir; Lactation; Life; Life Style; Long-Term Effects; Longitudinal Studies; Low Prevalence; Mass Spectrum Analysis; Mennonite; Milk; Milk Hypersensitivity; Modeling; Molecular; Mothers; Mucosal Immunity; Mucous Membrane; Nutrient; Oligosaccharides; Outcome; Parents; Pilot Projects; Play; Polysaccharides; Population; Probiotics; Risk; Role; Sampling; Source; Statistical Data Interpretation; Structure; Techniques; Variant; Volatile Fatty Acids; Wheezing; Work; Yogurt; base; cytokine; defined contribution; dietary supplements; gut microbiome; gut microbiota; immunoregulation; infant gut microbiome; infant outcome; mathematical analysis; microbiome; microbiome composition; mother nutrition; network models; nutrition; parent grant; prevent; probiotic supplementation; sample collection; supervised learning; systems research; unpasteurized

Breast-feeding is recommended to prevent the development of allergic diseases, but mechanisms are unclear. Human milk is a source of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and fatty acids (FAs), which are likely impacted by maternal diet. HMOs are complex glycans prevalent in human milk; non-digestible by humans, but one of the main substrates for the infant gut microbiota. We have recently shown that mothers' milk has significant variations in qualitative and quantitative HMO composition, depending on genetics and maternal probiotic supplementation. Human milk is a rich source of FAs such as polyunsaturated (PUFAs) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs); these are strongly influenced by maternal diet and could directly induce mucosal immunity. The impact of maternal diet and supplements on immunomodulatory composition of human milk is poorly characterized and varies between mothers. Our initial studies have shown that certain HMOs are associated with protection against cow's milk allergy in the infant, but the mechanisms are not known. Our initial study in the Old Order Mennonites (OOM), who have a lifestyle dating back to 150 years ago and rich exposure to unpasteurized milk, indicated a low prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases, compared to the Rochester population. OOM mothers also have rich sources of diet-based probiotics such as unpasteurized dairy products (kefir, yogurt, cheese, butter); these can significantly affect their breast milk FA and HMO composition, whereas OTC supplement use may not be common. Our central hypothesis is that factors related to OOM diet decrease the risk of allergies through impact on human milk composition. Our preliminary data suggests that the infant gut microbiome is enriched in Bifidobacteria in the OOM. Bifidobacteria in turn are largely impacted by human milk composition. The overall objective of this supplemental application is to expand our ongoing longitudinal infant cohort study, entitled “Mucosal and systemic immunity and food allergy” (U01 AI131344), by gathering and analyzing samples to define the role of maternal diet, including dietary and OTC probiotics on human milk composition, and to assess their impact on infant immunity. The parent study is characterizing the infant gut microbiome, immune markers and atopic diseases in the first year of life in OOM and Rochester infants. We have a unique opportunity to investigate maternal dietary impact on human milk composition. This additional data along with modeling as part of the parent grant will provide holistic understanding of interactions between OOM lifestyle and infant gut microbiome composition, immune markers and allergic disease outcomes in infants. 1

建议母乳喂养以预防过敏性疾病的发生，但其机制尚不清楚 目前尚不清楚，母乳可能是母乳低聚糖 (HMO) 和脂肪酸 (FA) 的来源。 HMO 是母乳中普遍存在的复杂聚糖，但不易被人类消化； 我们最近发现母乳是婴儿肠道微生物群的主要底物之一。 HMO 组成的质量和数量存在显着差异，具体取决于遗传和母体 益生菌补充品 母乳是多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA) 和短链脂肪酸的丰富来源。 脂肪酸（SCFA）；这些受母亲饮食的影响很大，可以直接诱导粘膜免疫。 母亲饮食和补充剂对母乳免疫调节成分的影响很小 母亲之间的特征和差异。 我们的初步研究表明，某些 HMO 与预防牛奶过敏有关 在婴儿中，但我们对旧秩序门诺派 (OOM) 的初步研究尚不清楚，他们有 生活方式可以追溯到 150 年前，并且大量接触未经高温消毒的牛奶，表明这种疾病的患病率很低。 哮喘和过敏性疾病相比，罗切斯特的OOM妈妈们也有丰富的来源。 基于饮食的益生菌，例如未经高温消毒的乳制品（开菲尔、酸奶、奶酪、黄油）； 影响母乳 FA 和 HMO 成分，而 OTC 补充剂的使用可能并不常见。 中心假设是，与 OOM 饮食相关的因素通过对人类的影响来降低过敏风险 我们的初步数据表明，婴儿肠道微生物组富含双歧杆菌。 OOM 反过来又很大程度上受到母乳成分的影响。 该补充申请的总体目标是扩大我们正在进行的纵向婴儿队列 研究题为“粘膜和系统免疫与食物过敏”（U01 AI131344），通过收集和分析 确定母亲饮食作用的样本，包括膳食和非处方益生菌对母乳成分的影响， 并评估它们对婴儿免疫力的影响。家长研究正在描述婴儿肠道微生物组的特征， OOM 和罗切斯特婴儿出生后第一年的免疫标志物和特应性疾病我们有独特的研究。 有机会调查母亲饮食对母乳成分的影响。 作为家长资助一部分的建模将提供对 OOM 生活方式之间相互作用的全面理解 以及婴儿肠道微生物组组成、免疫标志物和婴儿过敏性疾病的结果。 1