PROJECT 10: DEVELOPMENT OF AUDIOVISUAL SPEECH ENHANCEMENT IN CHILDREN

项目 10：儿童视听言语增强的发展

• 批准号: 9903382
• 负责人: Kaylah L Lalonde
• 金额: $ 17.4万
• 依托单位: FATHER FLANAGAN'S BOYS' HOME
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9903382
• 关键词: 14 year old; 5 year old; Address; Adult; Age; Attention; Auditory; Behavioral; Child; Clinical; Cognitive; Communication; Complex; Cues; Detection; Development; Developmental Course; Disadvantaged; Education; Environment; Goals; Habilitation; Infant; Knowledge; Language; Language Development; Learning; Linguistics; Movement; Noise; Perception; Performance; Preparation; Process; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Research Personnel; Signal Transduction; Speech; Speech Development; Speech Perception; Testing; Uncertainty; Visual; Work; age related; audiovisual speech; cohesion; experience; hearing impairment; improved; language processing; lexical; multimodality; neurophysiology; programs; relating to nervous system; skills; speech in noise; speech processing; visual speech

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT PROJECT 10: DEVELOPMENT OF AUDIOVISUAL SPEECH ENHANCEMENT IN CHILDREN Children are at a disadvantage relative to adults when listening to speech that is degraded by auditory background noise. One highly robust cue that adults use to compensate for noisy environments is visual speech. The increased accuracy and efficiency of speech processing in the presence of visual speech is called audiovisual (AV) speech enhancement. In adults, these enhancements occur via two neutrally distinct mechanisms: a perceptual mechanism and a linguistic mechanism. Although a few studies have been undertaken to quantify AV speech enhancement in children, most researchers have overlooked the plurality of the mechanisms that underlie such enhancements. The long-term goal of my research program is to provide a cohesive theoretical account of the development of AV speech enhancement. The objective of the current proposal is to characterize the development of the perceptual and linguistic mechanisms that underlie AV speech enhancement. Aim 1 examines development of the perceptual mechanism of AV speech enhancement. It will evaluate the extent to which adults and 5- to 14-year-old children use visual temporal cues to predict the timing of onsets and peaks in the amplitude envelope of auditory speech, thereby improving detection and recognition of auditory speech in noise. It is hypothesized that children as young as 5 years old benefit from the perceptual mechanism of AV speech enhancement, such as simultaneous onsets, but that it takes longer to learn to use the ongoing correlations between the auditory and visual amplitude envelopes to precisely track connected auditory speech. Aim 2 examines development of the linguistic mechanism of AV speech enhancement. It evaluates the extent to which 5- to 14-year-old children apply visual phonetic knowledge to constrain phonetic interpretation. This aim will test the hypothesis that, with increasing age, children demonstrate increasingly detailed visual phonetic knowledge and consequent decreases in visually salient AV errors. I expect that ability to use visual speech to supplement phonetic interpretation will reach maturity later in development than the ability to use visual temporal cues to aid perceptual processing. The proposed research will address a critical gap in our understanding of how children use visual speech to compensate for adverse auditory conditions in the real world. Clinically, this work has profound implications for age-appropriate rehabilitation and education practices for children with hearing loss.

项目概要/摘要 项目 10：儿童视听言语增强的发展 儿童在聆听因听觉而退化的言语时相对于成人处于不利地位 背景噪音。成年人用来补偿嘈杂环境的一种非常强大的线索是视觉 演讲。在视觉语音存在的情况下，语音处理的准确性和效率的提高称为 视听 (AV) 语音增强。在成年人中，这些增强是通过两种中性不同的方式发生的 机制：感知机制和语言机制。尽管已经有一些研究 在量化儿童 AV 言语增强的过程中，大多数研究人员忽视了复数 此类增强的机制。我的研究计划的长期目标是提供 对 AV 语音增强的发展进行了连贯的理论阐述。当前的目标 提案旨在描述 AV 背后的感知和语言机制的发展特征 语音增强。目标 1 研究 AV 语音增强感知机制的发展。 它将评估成人和 5 至 14 岁儿童使用视觉时间线索来预测的程度 听觉语音幅度包络中的起始和峰值定时，从而改善检测和 噪声中听觉语音的识别。据推测，年仅 5 岁的儿童可受益于 AV语音增强的感知机制，例如同时发生，但需要更长的时间 学习利用听觉和视觉幅度包络之间的持续相关性来精确跟踪 连接的听觉言语。目标 2 研究 AV 语音语言机制的发展 增强。它评估5至14岁儿童应用视觉语音知识的程度 限制语音解释。这一目标将检验以下假设：随着年龄的增长，儿童 展示越来越详细的视觉语音知识以及随之而来的视觉显着 AV 的减少 错误。我预计使用视觉语音来补充语音解释的能力将在稍后成熟 发展比使用视觉时间线索来帮助感知处理的能力更重要。拟议的研究 将解决我们对儿童如何使用视觉言语来弥补不利影响的理解上的一个关键差距 现实世界中的听觉条件。在临床上，这项工作对适合年龄的患者具有深远的影响 听力损失儿童的康复和教育实践。