Studies of Non-Ionizing Radiation-Related Cancer

非电离辐射相关癌症的研究

基本信息

批准号：
7593175
负责人：
Peter D Inskip
金额：
$ 135.67万
依托单位：
DIVISION OF CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
至
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7593175
关键词：
7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide Adult Age Age at First Live Birth Age at Menarche Agreement Apoptosis Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons Behavioral Genetics Benign Biological Assay Bleomycin Brain Neoplasms Cancer Etiology Cancer Patient Case-Control Studies Causations Cellular Phone Chemical Agents Chemicals Colon Colon Carcinoma Color Comet Assay Cytochrome P450 Daily Dental Diagnosis Diagnostic Dietary Factors Electromagnetic Fields Environment Environmental Exposure Epidemiologic Studies Epidemiology Etiology Evaluation Exposure to Family Cancer History Family history of Female First Births Food Additives Future Genes Genetic Determinism Genetic Polymorphism Genus Cola Glioma Glutathione S-Transferase Hair Dyes Hodgkin Disease Home environment Hormonal Hospitals Hour Incidence Institution Ionizing radiation Laboratories Lead Left Life Lung Malignant - descriptor Malignant Neoplasms Malignant neoplasm of brain Malignant neoplasm of lung Manuscripts Measures Medical Medical History Metabolism Morphologic artifacts Mutagens Nonionizing Radiation Nucleotide Excision Repair Occupational Occupational Exposure Occupational Malignant Neoplasm Occupational/Environmental Epidemiology Ovary Oxidative Stress Pathway interactions Patient Self-Report Persons Pesticides Pilot Projects Population Predisposition Preparation Prostate Public Health Publishing Questionnaires Radiation Radiation, Other Radiation-Induced Cancer Rate Relative (related person)Reporting Reproducibility Reproductive History Research Personnel Risk Role Sampling Screening procedure Skin Skin Cancer Solar Energy Solvents Source Specimen Stomach Subgroup Sun Exposure Testing Time UV Radiation Exposure University of Minnesota Cancer Center Virus Woman Writing base cancer diagnosis cancer risk cytokine diaries dosimetry farmer follow-up genetic analysis genetic epidemiology improved interest melanoma meningioma occupational lead exposure polysulphone response season of birth tumor ultraviolet volunteer

项目摘要

Case referent study of brain tumors The etiology of brain tumors and brain cancer is poorly understood, and recorded incidence rates have increased dramatically over the past several decades. Whether this increase is, in part, real or is entirely an artifact of improved diagnosis is a controversial issue. Nonetheless, concern has arisen that one or more increasingly common environmental exposures might cause brain cancer. Examples include industrial chemicals, pesticides, food additives, and electromagnetic fields. In response to such concerns, and to advance understanding of environmental, behavioral and genetic causes of brain tumors, we are collaborating with investigators at three U.S. hospitals in conducting a case-control study of malignant and benign brain tumors. Factors under consideration include occupational exposures to chemical agents and electromagnetic fields, use of cellular telephones, dietary factors, family history of tumors, genetic determinants of susceptibility, home appliance use, reproductive history and hormonal exposures, viruses, medical and dental exposure to ionizing radiation, and other aspects of medical history. A manuscript concerning occupational exposure to ELF-EMF is in preparation. In other analyses, excess risks of glioma were found among electricians and farmers, and an elevated risk of meningioma was seen among auto-body painters. Evaluations are in progress to clarify the possible role of solvents, pesticides, lead, EMF and other exposures in explaining these associations. In parallel with these exposure assessments, we have been conducting studies of genes involved in the metabolism of exposures. We observed an association between occupational exposure to lead and meningioma that appeared to be concentrated in a genetically susceptible subgroup. Other analyses indicated associations with polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferase (GST) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes involved in metabolism of solvents and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other substrates. Self-reported family history of cancer showed glioma risk to be elevated only slightly and nonsignificantly among persons with a family history of brain cancer. Persons reporting a family history of prostate, stomach or colon cancer, or Hodgkin lymphoma, had an increased risk of glioma. Risk of meningioma was increased among persons reporting a family history of a benign brain tumor or melanoma. An early age at menarche and early age at first live birth appeared to be protective against glioma, but not meningioma. The risk of glioma was found to be reduced among left-handers relative to right-handers. Risk of glioma and meningioma appeared to vary with season of birth, with higher risks among persons born in the winter and lower risks among those born in the summer. Risk of glioma in women increased with older age at menarche. Early age at first birth was associated with reduced risk. Brain tumor risk did not appear to be related to use of hair dyes. Recent genetic analyses have indicated associations between brain tumor risk and polymorphisms in cytokine, apoptosis and oxidative stress genes. Findings for these pathways are being followed up in larger and more comprehensive studies. UV Dosimetry REB investigators conducted a pilot study of 125 volunteer radiologic technologists in which daily diaries and polysulfone UV dosimeters were used to develop better questionnaire approaches to ascertain environmental UV exposure for skin and other environmental and occupational cancers in this largely female occupational population. The volunteers were queried 6 months later to test the reproducibility of responses to time outdoors. Agreement between reported time on weekdays was significantly higher than for weekends. Improved exposure assessment will enable us to characterize more quantitatively the effects of UV and ionizing radiation on skin and other cancers. We are currently analyzing the validity and reproducibility of hour-based and activity-based questionnaires to capture lifetime sun exposure. PLCO Lung Damage Study Reverse causation bias has been posed as an alternative reason associations have been observed between functional assays and increased cancer risk in published case-control studies. The debate has hinged on the concern that because the tests were performed on biologic specimens collected after cancer diagnosis they may be measuring the consequence, rather than the underlying, causes of cancer (termed reverse causation bias). Several investigators in the Radiation Epidemiology Branch (REB), the Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch (OEEB), and the Genetic Epidemiology Branch (GEB) sought to determine the predictive usefulness of several phenotypic or functional assays in pre-diagnostic samples. Investigators in REB, OEEB, and GEB planned this study using pre-diagnosis samples from the Prostate, Lung, Colon, and Ovary (PLCO) screening trial. The cancer of interest was lung cancer because of the public health impact and because several previous studies had been conducted among lung cancer patients. At this writing, 117 lung cancer cases and 117 matched control samples (plus 16 QC samples) have been sent to four collaborating investigators at three institutions (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, and the University of Minnesota. Laboratory analyses are underway using the Comet assay, mutagen sensitivity assays (BPDE and bleomycin as the mutagens), and a nucleotide excision repair assay. We anticipate laboratory analyses will take approximately 9 months. No results are available at this time

脑肿瘤的病例参考研究 脑肿瘤和脑癌的病因学很少了解，并且在过去的几十年中，记录的发病率急剧增加。这种增加是真实的还是完全是改善诊断的工件是一个有争议的问题。尽管如此，人们担心一种或多种越来越常见的环境暴露可能会导致脑癌。例子包括工业化学品，农药，食品添加剂和电磁场。为了应对此类关注，并提高对脑肿瘤的环境，行为和遗传原因的理解，我们正在与三家美国医院的研究人员合作，进行了对恶性和良性脑肿瘤的病例对照研究。正在考虑的因素包括对化学试剂和电磁场的职业暴露，使用细胞电话，饮食因素，肿瘤家族史，易感性的遗传决定因素，家用设备的使用，生殖历史和激素暴露，病毒，病毒，医疗和牙科暴露于辐射病史以及医学病史的其他方面。有关职业接触ELF-EMF的手稿正在准备中。 在其他分析中，在电工和农民中发现了神经胶质瘤过多的风险，并且在自动体型画家中看到了脑膜瘤的危险升高。正在进行评估，以阐明溶剂，农药，铅，EMF和其他暴露在解释这些关联中的作用。与这些暴露评估同时，我们一直在研究参与暴露代谢的基因。我们观察到职业暴露于铅和脑膜瘤之间的关联，似乎集中在遗传易感的亚组中。其他分析表明，谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）和细胞色素P450（CYP）基因与溶剂代谢和多环芳族氢碳纤维和其他底物的代谢相关。自我报告的癌症家族史表明，神经胶质瘤的风险仅在患有脑癌家族史的患者之间仅略微升高，无关紧要。报告了前列腺，胃或结肠癌或霍奇金淋巴瘤家族史的人的神经胶质瘤风险增加。报告良性脑肿瘤或黑色素瘤家族史的人群中脑膜瘤的风险增加。初潮和初生年龄的年龄似乎是针对神经胶质瘤的保护性，但没有脑膜瘤。发现与右撇子相对于左撇子，胶质瘤的风险降低了。神经胶质瘤和脑膜瘤的风险似乎随着出生的季节而变化，冬季出生的人的风险较高，夏季出生的人的风险较低。女性神经胶质瘤的风险随年龄段年龄较大而增加。第一出生时的幼年与风险降低有关。脑肿瘤风险似乎与染发剂的使用无关。最近的遗传分析表明，脑肿瘤风险与细胞因子，凋亡和氧化应激基因的多态性之间存在关联。 Findings for these pathways are being followed up in larger and more comprehensive studies. UV Dosimetry REB investigators conducted a pilot study of 125 volunteer radiologic technologists in which daily diaries and polysulfone UV dosimeters were used to develop better questionnaire approaches to ascertain environmental在这一主要女性职业人群中，皮肤以及其他环境和职业癌症的紫外线暴露。 6个月后，对志愿者进行了查询，以测试对户外时间的反应的可重复性。在工作日的报告时间之间的一致性明显高于周末。改进的暴露评估将使我们能够更定量地表征紫外线和电离辐射对皮肤和其他癌症的影响。 We are currently analyzing the validity and reproducibility of hour-based and activity-based questionnaires to capture lifetime sun exposure. PLCO Lung Damage Study Reverse causation bias has been posed as an alternative reason associations have been observed between functional assays and increased cancer risk in published case-control studies. 这场辩论取决于关注的担忧，即由于对癌症诊断后收集的生物标本进行了测试，因此可能是衡量癌症的后果而不是基本原因（称为反向因果关系偏见）。辐射流行病学分支（REB），职业和环境流行病学分支（OEEB）以及遗传流行病学分支（GEB）的几名研究者试图确定诊断前样品中几种表型或功能测定的预测有用性。 REB，OEEB和GEB的研究人员使用前列腺，肺，结肠和卵巢（PLCO）筛查试验的诊断前样本计划了这项研究。感兴趣的癌症是由于公共卫生的影响而引起的肺癌，并且由于肺癌患者已经进行了一些先前的研究。在撰写本文中，已将117例肺癌病例和117例匹配的对照样本（加16个QC样本）已发送给三个机构的四名合作调查人员（劳伦斯·利弗莫尔国家实验室，M。D。安德森癌症中心，明尼苏达州大学。维修测定法。