Cortical Processing of Tactual Spacial Information

触觉空间信息的皮层处理

• 批准号: 7454067
• 负责人: SLIMAN BENSMAIA
• 金额: $ 68.06万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1983
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1983-04-01 至 2013-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7454067
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Animals; Attention; Back; Behavior; Code; Communication; Complex; Custom; Cutaneous; Development; Discontinuous Capillary; Fingers; Fire - disasters; Goals; Grant; Hand; Hearing Impaired Persons; Human; Indiana; Light; Limb structure; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Motion; Motion Perception; Neural Pathways; Neurologic; Neurologic Examination; Neurons; Numbers; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Perception; Peripheral; Process; Progress Reports; Prosthesis; Psychophysiology; Public Health; Range; Rate; Scanning; Shapes; Somatosensory Cortex; Space Perception; Staging; Stimulus; Structure; System; Tactile; Texture; Time; Touch sensation; Training; Universities; Variant; awake; base; blind; human subject; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; nonhuman primate; receptive field; relating to nervous system; research study; response; sensory feedback; sensory system; somatosensory; two-dimensional

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In this application we combine the efforts of two long term studies investigating the neural mechanisms of tactile spatial perception. Dr. James Craig of Indiana University will not be renewing his grant but instead will be joining this project at Johns Hopkins University. The broad goals of this application are to understand how two-dimensional shape, texture and motion are represented in somatosensory cortex. Shape, texture and motion are important in all sensory systems. We will use a 400-probe stimulator that can produce a wide range of dynamic patterns to stimulate the finger pad. We will perform both psychophysical studies in humans and neurophysiological studies in non-human primates. The first aim is to understand how complex patterns are perceived and represented in somatosensory cortex. In these experiments we will investigate how spatial features such as lines and curves are combined both spatially and temporally to from complex spatial patterns. The second aim is to investigate how texture is represented in somatosensory cortex. In these experiments, we will use a wide range of spatial patterns that we used previously to study the peripheral mechanisms of texture perception to determine how texture is coded in cortex. The third aim is to investigate how motion is represented in cortex. In particular we will scan various spatial patterns across the finger pad at different directions and scanning velocities to determine how motion interacts with form and texture processing. The results from these studies will provide an understanding of the mechanisms underlying central neurological problems and will provide an understanding of the sensory feedback that is necessary for the control of prosthetic limbs. A third benefit is that these studies will aid in the development of cutaneous communication systems for the deaf and blind. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The results from the proposed studies will aid our understanding of the effects of both peripheral and central neurological problems, and our interpretation of the results of neurological examinations, such as changes in light touch thresholds, spatial acuity, and directional sensitivity. To provide sensory feedback for the control of prosthetic limbs, it is important to understand how the hand normally processes touch information. In addition, the proposed measures of the perceptibility of tactile patterns will aid in the development of cutaneous communication systems for the blind, deaf, and deaf-blind.

描述（由申请人提供）：在本申请中，我们结合了两项研究触觉空间感知神经机制的长期研究的成果。印第安纳大学的詹姆斯·克雷格博士将不会续签他的资助，而是将加入约翰·霍普金斯大学的该项目。该应用程序的主要目标是了解二维形状、纹理和运动如何在体感皮层中表示。形状、纹理和运动对于所有感觉系统都很重要。我们将使用 400 个探头刺激器，它可以产生各种动态模式来刺激指垫。我们将对人类进行心理物理学研究，并对非人类灵长类动物进行神经生理学研究。第一个目标是了解体感皮层如何感知和表示复杂的模式。在这些实验中，我们将研究如何在空间和时间上组合直线和曲线等空间特征以形成复杂的空间模式。第二个目标是研究纹理如何在体感皮层中表示。在这些实验中，我们将使用之前用于研究纹理感知的外围机制的各种空间模式，以确定纹理在皮层中的编码方式。第三个目标是研究运动如何在皮层中表示。特别是，我们将以不同方向和扫描速度扫描指垫上的各种空间图案，以确定运动如何与形状和纹理处理相互作用。这些研究的结果将提供对中枢神经系统问题的潜在机制的理解，并将提供对控制假肢所必需的感觉反馈的理解。第三个好处是这些研究将有助于开发聋人和盲人的皮肤通讯系统。公共健康相关性：拟议研究的结果将有助于我们理解周围和中枢神经系统问题的影响，以及我们对神经系统检查结果的解释，例如光触觉阈值、空间敏锐度和方向敏感性的变化。为了提供控制假肢的感觉反馈，了解手通常如何处理触摸信息非常重要。此外，所提出的触觉模式感知能力测量将有助于盲人、聋人和聋盲人的皮肤通信系统的开发。