Cortical Processing of Tactual Spacial Information

触觉空间信息的皮层处理

• 批准号: 7454067
• 负责人: SLIMAN BENSMAIA
• 金额: $ 68.06万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1983
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1983-04-01 至 2013-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7454067
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Animals; Attention; Back; Behavior; Code; Communication; Complex; Custom; Cutaneous; Development; Discontinuous Capillary; Fingers; Fire - disasters; Goals; Grant; Hand; Hearing Impaired Persons; Human; Indiana; Light; Limb structure; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Motion; Motion Perception; Neural Pathways; Neurologic; Neurologic Examination; Neurons; Numbers; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Perception; Peripheral; Process; Progress Reports; Prosthesis; Psychophysiology; Public Health; Range; Rate; Scanning; Shapes; Somatosensory Cortex; Space Perception; Staging; Stimulus; Structure; System; Tactile; Texture; Time; Touch sensation; Training; Universities; Variant; awake; base; blind; human subject; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; nonhuman primate; receptive field; relating to nervous system; research study; response; sensory feedback; sensory system; somatosensory; two-dimensional

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In this application we combine the efforts of two long term studies investigating the neural mechanisms of tactile spatial perception. Dr. James Craig of Indiana University will not be renewing his grant but instead will be joining this project at Johns Hopkins University. The broad goals of this application are to understand how two-dimensional shape, texture and motion are represented in somatosensory cortex. Shape, texture and motion are important in all sensory systems. We will use a 400-probe stimulator that can produce a wide range of dynamic patterns to stimulate the finger pad. We will perform both psychophysical studies in humans and neurophysiological studies in non-human primates. The first aim is to understand how complex patterns are perceived and represented in somatosensory cortex. In these experiments we will investigate how spatial features such as lines and curves are combined both spatially and temporally to from complex spatial patterns. The second aim is to investigate how texture is represented in somatosensory cortex. In these experiments, we will use a wide range of spatial patterns that we used previously to study the peripheral mechanisms of texture perception to determine how texture is coded in cortex. The third aim is to investigate how motion is represented in cortex. In particular we will scan various spatial patterns across the finger pad at different directions and scanning velocities to determine how motion interacts with form and texture processing. The results from these studies will provide an understanding of the mechanisms underlying central neurological problems and will provide an understanding of the sensory feedback that is necessary for the control of prosthetic limbs. A third benefit is that these studies will aid in the development of cutaneous communication systems for the deaf and blind. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The results from the proposed studies will aid our understanding of the effects of both peripheral and central neurological problems, and our interpretation of the results of neurological examinations, such as changes in light touch thresholds, spatial acuity, and directional sensitivity. To provide sensory feedback for the control of prosthetic limbs, it is important to understand how the hand normally processes touch information. In addition, the proposed measures of the perceptibility of tactile patterns will aid in the development of cutaneous communication systems for the blind, deaf, and deaf-blind.

描述（由申请人提供）：在本申请中，我们结合了两项长期研究的努力，研究了触觉空间感知的神经机制。印第安纳大学的詹姆斯·克雷格（James Craig）博士不会续签他的赠款，而是将加入约翰·霍普金斯大学（Johns Hopkins University）。该应用程序的广泛目标是了解体感觉皮质中如何表示二维形状，纹理和运动。形状，纹理和运动在所有感觉系统中都很重要。我们将使用400个探针刺激器，该刺激器可以产生各种动态模式来刺激手指垫。我们将对非人类灵长类动物的人类和神经生理研究进行心理物理研究。第一个目的是了解体感皮质中如何感知和表示复杂的模式。在这些实验中，我们将研究如何将空间和曲线等空间特征从空间和时间组合到复杂的空间模式。第二个目的是研究体感皮质中如何表示纹理。在这些实验中，我们将使用多种空间模式，我们先前使用这些模式来研究纹理感知的外围机制，以确定如何在皮层中编码纹理。第三个目的是研究在皮质中如何表示运动。特别是，我们将在不同方向和扫描速度上扫描各种手指垫的各种空间模式，以确定运动如何与形式和纹理处理相互作用。这些研究的结果将提供对中枢神经问题基础机制的理解，并将提供对控制假肢所必需的感觉反馈的理解。第三个好处是，这些研究将有助于开发聋人和盲人的皮肤通信系统。公共卫生相关性：拟议研究的结果将有助于我们理解周围和中枢神经问题的影响，以及我们对神经检查结果的解释，例如轻触摸阈值的变化，空间敏锐度和方向敏感性。为了提供感官反馈以控制假肢，重要的是要了解手处理通常如何处理信息。此外，提出的触觉模式可感知性的措施将有助于开发盲人，聋哑和聋哑的皮肤通信系统。