Social Epidemiology of COVID-19

COVID-19 的社会流行病学

• 批准号: 9888307
• 负责人: Eugene Thomas Richardson
• 金额: $ 18.79万
• 依托单位: HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-03-06 至 2023-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9888307
• 关键词: 2019-nCoV; Address; Advisory Committees; Affect; Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; African; Anthropology; Award; Biometry; COVID-19; Caregivers; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); China; Classification; Clinical; Clinical Research; Communicable Diseases; Communities; Containment; Country; Data; Development; Disease Outbreaks; Ebola virus; Effectiveness; Elements; Emerging Communicable Diseases; Epidemiologic Factors; Epidemiologist; Epidemiology; Ethnography; Event; Failure; Future; Goals; Health Personnel; Healthcare; Herd Immunity; Human; Immunologics; Infection; Infection Control; Infection prevention; Institutes; Interview; Investigation; K-Series Research Career Programs; Leadership; Learning; Liberia; Liberian; Longitudinal Studies; Low income; Mentors; Patients; Physicians; Play; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Population; Province; Public Health; Public Health Schools; Recommendation; Relaxation; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Reverse Transcription; Risk Assessment; Role; Seroprevalences; Social Distance; Surveys; Testing; Time; Training; Update; Vaccines; career; design; disease transmission; experience; farmer; global health; health care settings; improved; medical schools; novel coronavirus; novel strategies; pandemic disease; prevent; public health intervention; public health relevance; response; scale up; social; social culture; social epidemiology; social factors; success; transmission process; viral detection; viral transmission; virology

Modified Project Summary/Abstract Section Dr. Richardson is an infectious disease physician with doctoral training in anthropology who is establishing himself as a young investigator in clinical and social scientific research of emerging infectious diseases such as Ebola virus and SARS-CoV-2. This K08 award will provide Dr. Richardson with the support necessary to accomplish the following goals: (1) to conduct clinical and social scientific investigations of COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa; (2) to learn to design more effective containment strategies for emerging infectious diseases by integrating rigorous ethnographic and epidemiological evidence; (3) to become an expert in the social epidemiology of emerging infectious diseases in low-income settings; and (4) to develop an independent clinical research career. Dr. Richardson has a strong background in clinical infectious diseases and anthropology. This career development award will enable him to address several remaining gaps in the training specific to his career goals. Specifically, he seeks advanced training in (1) epidemiology and (2) biostatistics and will accomplish through coursework at the Harvard School of Public Health. To further achieve his training goals, Dr. Richardson has assembled a mentoring team comprised of: Primary mentors: Dr. Paul Farmer, who conducts anthropological global health research, and Dr. Ichiro Kawachi, a world renown expert in social epidemiology; Advisers: Dr. Megan Murray, an expert in infectious disease transmission dynamics, Dr. Mosoka Fallah, Director of the National Public Health Institute of Liberia (NPHIL), and Dr. Phyllis Kanki, who has decades of virology experience in West Africa. The novel coronavirus which causes COVID-19 was first reported in Hubei Province, China in December 2019. In the ensuing 4 months, the outbreak spread to nearly every country in the world. The arrack rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) suggests that 50-60% or more of the global population may become infected as it assumed that nearly all are immunologically naïve. Despite the rapid development of real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for detection of virus in infected patients, many questions remain about SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and transmission dynamics. This is because many infected cases remain asymptomatic albeit contagious. Moreover, many symptomatic infections go undetected on account of the slow scale-up of RT-PCR testing. These dynamics have their greatest ramifications for healthcare settings, since healthcare workers are one of the few populations that cannot practice social distancing. It is important to know the attack rate in these groups in order to improve infection prevention and control and decrease nosocomial transmission of the virus. This becomes more important in resource-constrained settings, where optimal PPE stocks are difficult to come by. Novel strategies for healthcare interactions may need to be developed in such cases. Accordingly, this study will determine the proportion of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and the attack rate amongst African healthcare workers in various settings through serosurveillance (Aim 1). It will also evaluate the role of social and epidemiologic factors in the acquisition of SARS-CoV-2 infection (Aim 2). This research will form the basis for a longitudinal study of the impact of herd immunity and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine rollouts on future pandemic waves.

修改后的项目摘要/摘要部分 理查森博士是一位接受过人类学博士培训的传染病医生，正在将自己定位为埃博拉病毒和 SARS-CoV-2 等新兴传染病的临床和社会科学研究的年轻研究者。该 K08 奖将授予理查森博士。获得实现以下目标所需的支持：(1) 在撒哈拉以南非洲地区开展 COVID-19 的临床和社会科学研究；(2) 通过整合严格的人种学和社会学知识，学习设计更有效的新发传染病遏制策略；流行病学的证据；（3）成为低收入地区新发传染病的社会流行病学专家；（4）发展独立的临床研究职业。理查森博士在临床传染病和人类学方面拥有深厚的背景。职业发展奖将使他能够解决针对其职业目标的培训中的几个剩余空白。具体来说，他寻求 (1) 流行病学和 (2) 生物统计学方面的高级培训，并将通过哈佛大学公共卫生学院的课程完成。进一步实现他的培训目标，博士。理查森组建了一个导师团队，成员包括： 主要导师：进行人类学全球健康研究的Paul Farmer博士和世界著名社会流行病学专家Ichiro Kawachi博士； 顾问：传染病专家Megan Murray博士；利比里亚国家公共卫生研究所（NPHIL）所长Mosoka Fallah博士和在西非拥有数十年病毒学经验的Phyllis Kanki博士就新型冠状病毒的传播动力学进行了研究。 2019 年 12 月，中国湖北省首次报道了引起 COVID-19 的病毒。在接下来的 4 个月内，疫情蔓延至世界上几乎每个国家。严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 的发病率很高。 ）表明，尽管实时逆转录聚合酶链反应 (RT-PCR) 检测技术快速发展，但全球 50-60% 或更多的人口可能会被感染，因为人们认为几乎所有人都没有免疫学能力。由于许多感染病例仍然无症状但具有传染性，但由于 RT-PCR 检测规模扩大缓慢，许多有症状的感染未被发现。这些动态对医疗机构影响最大，因为医护人员是少数无法保持社交距离的人群之一，了解这些群体的感染率对于改善感染预防和控制并减少院内感染非常重要。在资源有限的环境中，这一点变得更加重要，在这种情况下，可能需要制定新的医疗保健互动策略。因此，本研究将确定无症状 SARS 的比例。 -通过血清监测了解不同环境下非洲医护人员的 CoV-2 感染率和发病率（目标 1） 还将评估社会和流行病学因素在 SARS-CoV-2 感染中的作用（目标 1）。 2) 这项研究将为群体免疫和 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗的推出对未来大流行浪潮的影响进行纵向研究奠定基础。