Neural basis of flexible decisions in naturalistic environments

自然环境中灵活决策的神经基础

• 批准号: 10723707
• 负责人: Ramanujan Srinath
• 金额: $ 11.48万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-30 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10723707
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; 3D virtual reality; Address; Affect; Alzheimer' s Disease; Alzheimer' s disease patient; Animals; Area; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Process; Brain; Charge; Clinical; Code; Cognition; Cognitive; Complex; Cues; Development; Disease; Distant; Early Diagnosis; Education; Electrophysiology (science); Environment; Familiarity; Food; Food Inspection; Fruit; Future; Goals; Health; Human; Impairment; Investigation; Learning; Location; Measures; Mediating; Mentors; Modeling; Monkeys; Neurons; Novelty-Seeking Behaviors; Outcome; Pattern; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Property; Psychophysics; Public Health; Published Comment; Research; Rewards; Role; Route; Scanning; Shapes; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Source; Stimulus; Stroke; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Trees; Vision; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Perception; Visual System; Visual attention; area V4; cognitive process; design; effective intervention; entorhinal cortex; experience; experimental study; extrastriate visual cortex; flexibility; forest; frontal lobe; gaze; improved; neural; novel; object recognition; programs; response; skills; success; theories; tool; virtual environment; virtual reality; virtual reality environment; visual information; visual process; visual processing; 3-Dimensional; 3D virtual reality; Address; Affect; Alzheimer' s Disease; Alzheimer' s disease patient; Animals; Area; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Process; Brain; Charge; Clinical; Code; Cognition; Cognitive; Complex; Cues; Development; Disease; Distant; Early Diagnosis; Education; Electrophysiology (science); Environment; Familiarity; Food; Food Inspection; Fruit; Future; Goals; Health; Human; Impairment; Investigation; Learning; Location; Measures; Mediating; Mentors; Modeling; Monkeys; Neurons; Novelty-Seeking Behaviors; Outcome; Pattern; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Property; Psychophysics; Public Health; Published Comment; Research; Rewards; Role; Route; Scanning; Shapes; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Source; Stimulus; Stroke; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Trees; Vision; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Perception; Visual System; Visual attention; area V4; cognitive process; design; effective intervention; entorhinal cortex; experience; experimental study; extrastriate visual cortex; flexibility; forest; frontal lobe; gaze; improved; neural; novel; object recognition; programs; response; skills; success; theories; tool; virtual environment; virtual reality; virtual reality environment; visual information; visual process; visual processing

PROJECT SUMMARY The brain does not simply passively process visual information about the objects in the world. It is charged with placing this information about objects in the context of their environment relative to us in a way that helps us interact with them. To forage for food in the wild, an animal recognizes distant fruits, weighs the effort to get to each fruit against its perceived ripeness, makes and executes a route plan, and learns from the experience. This is possible because our vision enables two remarkable abilities – filtering out irrelevant information like inedible branches and leaves to focus on the fruit and creating flexible plans to reach the goal that can be altered on the fly. To study the neural basis of these abilities, I will use new conceptual and technological advances to study object vision in the context of cognition and naturalistic interactions like navigation and foraging to formulate a unified theory of how vision enables flexible behavior. Several computations in brain areas, like the prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex, etc., have been thought to mediate flexible behavior in various cognitive contexts like attention, working memory, and navigation. In this proposal, I will test the central hypothesis that signals in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) related to those different forms of flexibility reflect computations that guide how object properties are read out of visual area V4. To encourage the combination of several sources of visual information and interaction with objects in the task, I have designed a virtual reality foraging platform to test the following hypotheses about how object vision enables flexible behavior. In aim 1, I will test whether and how computations in dlPFC (previously identified in the context of attention) mediate the foraging of objects that have a narrow range of learned desirable properties by affecting the readout of relevant and irrelevant properties from V4. In aim 2, I will study how object familiarity is encoded in a viewpoint-invariant fashion and how interactions between V4 and dlPFC guide foraging behavior. In aim 3, I will explore how visual processing enables learned associations between objects and sequential actions by comparing the changes in neural activity in V4 and dlPFC that lead to the execution of sequential choices. The results of these studies will have broad scientific implications for models of visual perception that explain behavior and clinical implications for how object interaction, association, and action execution can be impaired in stroke and Alzheimer’s disease patients while visual processing is spared. Skills gained in the mentored portion – developing a visual foraging VR task and measuring and manipulating attention-like signals in dlPFC – along with my experience in generating visual scenes to analyze neural coding, will set the stage for future studies of the cognitive processes that shape visually guided experiences and actions in health and disease.

项目摘要 大脑不仅可以被动地处理有关世界上对象的视觉信息。它是指控的 将有关对象的信息放在环境相对于我们的环境的背景下，以帮助 美国与他们互动。为了在野外觅食，动物识别出遥远的水果，加重了努力 每种果实的成熟度，制定并执行路线计划，并从经验中学习。 这是可能的，因为我们的愿景可以实现两种非凡的能力 - 滤除无关的信息 不可食用的分支机构和树叶专注于水果并制定灵活的计划以达到可能的目标 随时改变。为了研究这些能力的神经基础，我将使用新的概念和技术 在认知和自然主义相互作用（如导航和 觅食形成统一的理论，即视觉如何实现灵活的行为。 人们认为大脑区域的几项计算，例如前额叶皮层，内嗅皮层等 在各种认知环境中介导灵活的行为，例如注意力，工作记忆和导航。在这个 提案，我将测试中心假设，即与背侧外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC）中的信号有关 这些不同形式的灵活性反映了指导对象属性如何从视觉上读取的计算 区域V4。鼓励几种视觉信息来源和与对象的互动的组合 任务，我设计了一个虚拟现实觅食平台，以测试以下假设 视觉可以灵活的行为。在AIM 1中，我将测试是否以及如何计算DLPFC（以前 在注意的背景下确定）介导具有狭窄范围的物体的觅食 通过影响V4相关和无关的属性的读数，理想的属性。在AIM 2中，我将学习 如何以视点不变的方式编码对象熟悉度以及V4和DLPFC之间的相互作用如何 指导觅食行为。在AIM 3中，我将探讨视觉处理如何使学习的关联 通过比较V4和DLPFC中的神经活动的变化来导致对象和顺序动作 执行顺序选择。 这些研究的结果将对视觉感知模型具有广泛的科学意义 解释对象互动，关联和行动执行的行为和临床影响 在视觉处理的同时，中风和阿尔茨海默氏病患者受损。获得的技能 Mendored部分 - 制定视觉觅食VR任务，测量和操纵类似注意力的信号 在DLPFC中 - 以及我在产生视觉场景以分析神经编码的经验，将为 未来研究的认知过程塑造了视觉指导的健康经验和行动， 疾病。