Multi-Contrast X-ray Breast Imaging

多对比 X 射线乳腺成像

• 批准号: 9197646
• 负责人: Guang-Hong Chen
• 金额: $ 40.73万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9197646
• 关键词: Address; American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; Anatomy; Architecture; Breast; Breast Cancer Detection; Breast Cancer Early Detection; Breast Microcalcification; Cadaver; Calcified; Cancer Detection; Characteristics; Clinical; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials; Consensus; Darkness; Data Set; Detection; Diagnostic radiologic examination; Digital Breast Tomosynthesis; Digital Mammography; Digital X-Ray; Disease; Dose; Evaluation; FDA approved; Gold; Health Care Costs; High-LET Radiation; Image; Imagery; Imaging technology; Malignant Neoplasms; Mammary Gland Parenchyma; Mammography; Methods; Nature; Neoplasm Metastasis; Normal tissue morphology; Outcome; Performance; Phase; Photons; Physical Performance; Physicians; Property; Protocols documentation; Radiation; Radiology Specialty; Randomized Controlled Trials; Reading; Research; Resolution; Risk; Roentgen Rays; Screening Result; Sensitivity and Specificity; System; Techniques; Woman; absorption; base; breast cancer diagnosis; breast imaging; calcification; cancer diagnosis; cone-beam computed tomography; contrast imaging; data acquisition; design; digital; image reconstruction; imaging capabilities; imaging modality; imaging system; improved; malignant breast neoplasm; novel; prototype; public health relevance; quantitative imaging; radiation risk; screening; soft tissue; tomosynthesis; two-dimensional

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women today. The best current strategy is to detect and treat breast cancer early, before the cancer has a chance to metastasize. Conventional x-ray mammography remains the most commonly used imaging method for early breast cancer detection. However, the sensitivity and specificity are limited in x-ray mammography largely due to its two-dimensional (2D) nature and the consequent structural overlapping. This limitation is exacerbated for radiologically dense breasts in which normal tissue may obscure a cancer. Despite the fact that tremendous progress has been made to improve the detection of cancer masses and of microcalcifications by the introduction of digital breast tomosynthesis and dedicated breast cone- beam CT, one common limitation remains in all current x-ray methods: both breast cancer detection tasks depend on a single x-ray absorption contrast mechanism. The optimal detection performances of these two detection tasks often have competing requirements on spatial resolution and radiation dose. As a result, the performance of both detection tasks is somewhat compromised. The overall objective of this proposal is to develop a multi-contrast x-ray digital mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis imaging system to improve breast cancer detection for women with dense breasts. In this new imaging system, the current absorption-based digital mammography and DBT imaging capability will be maintained with the addition of two supplemental contrast mechanisms: the first utilizes a contrast mechanism based on the x-ray refraction property in soft tissue and permits improved visualization of low contrast masses. The detection of microcalcifications can be accomplished by another concomitant novel x-ray dark field contrast mechanism. Note that all three types of images, viz., absorption image, phase contrast image, and dark field image, are generated from a single data acquisition. Given the fact that the current clinical DBT imaging system enables one to acquire both digital mammography and DBT images, the proposed multi-contrast breast imaging system will be constructed by incorporating an x-ray Talbot-Lau grating interferometer into one of these systems. Novel image reconstruction, processing, and display methods will be developed to help physicians extract the most valuable information from the multi-contrast mammography and DBT images. There are four primary specific aims in this proposal: (1) Optimize and fabricate grating interferometer for the multi-contrast breast imaging system; (2) Integrate gratings into the current clinical DBT systems and perform an experimental characterization of physical performance; (3) Perform quantitative imaging performance assessment and optimize imaging protocols; (4) Perform initial clinical performance evaluation of the multi-contrast imaging system. Upon the completion of this project, the first clinical prototype multi-contrast system will have been constructed for clinical studies. The disease signatures in the acquired multi-contrast DBT images will be understood, and the system will be ready for clinical trial studies in the next stage of the project.

 描述（由申请人提供）：乳腺癌是当今女性中最常见的癌症，目前最好的策略是在癌症有机会转移之前早期发现和治疗乳腺癌，而传统的 X 射线乳房X线照相术仍然是最常用的。然而，X 射线乳房 X 射线照相术的敏感性和特异性受到限制，这主要是由于其二维 (2D) 性质以及随之而来的结构重叠。尽管通过引入数字乳腺断层合成和专用乳腺锥束 CT，在改善癌肿块和微钙化的检测方面取得了巨大进展，但仍存在一个常见的局限性。所有当前的 X 射线方法：两种乳腺癌检测任务都依赖于单一的 X 射线吸收对比机制，这两种检测任务的最佳检测性能通常对空间分辨率和辐射剂量具有竞争性要求。两项检测任务都受到一定程度的影响。该提案的目标是开发一种多对比 X 射线数字乳房 X 光检查和数字乳房断层合成成像系统，以改善对致密乳房女性的乳腺癌检测。在这种新的成像系统中，采用了当前基于吸收的数字乳房 X 光检查和 DBT 成像功能。将通过添加两个补充对比机制来维持：第一个利用基于软组织中的 X 射线折射对比特性的对比机制，并允许改善低质量的可视化。微钙化的检测可以通过另一个来完成。伴随的新颖的 X 射线暗场对比机制 请注意，鉴于当前的临床 DBT 成像，所有三种类型的图像（即吸收图像、相差图像和暗场图像）都是从单个数据采集中生成的。系统使人们能够获取数字乳腺X线摄影和DBT图像，所提出的多对比乳腺成像系统将通过将X射线Talbot-Lau光栅干涉仪合并到其中一个系统中来构建，新颖的图像重建、处理和显示方法将被构建。被开发帮助医生从多对比乳腺X线摄影和DBT图像中提取最有价值的信息。该提案有四个主要具体目标：（1）优化和制造用于多对比乳腺成像系统的光栅干涉仪；（2）集成光栅。进入当前的临床 DBT 系统并进行物理性能的实验表征； (3) 进行成像性能评估并优化定量成像方案； (4) 完成后对多对比成像系统进行初始临床性能评估。该项目将构建第一个用于临床研究的临床原型多对比系统，了解所获取的多对比 DBT 图像中的疾病特征，并为下一阶段的临床试验研究做好准备。项目。