Sensitization of the reinforcing value of food as a predictor of weight change in adolescents

食物的增强价值作为青少年体重变化的预测因素的敏感性

基本信息

批准号：
9222747
负责人：
Jennifer L Temple
金额：
$ 35.25万
依托单位：
STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-03-01 至 2021-02-28
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The adolescent brain is driven to seek out novel reinforcers, but the areas of the brain involved in impulse control and executive function remain immature until early adulthood. This may make adolescents particularly susceptible to overeating and weight gain. Motivation to eat, or reinforcing value, is a strong predictor of energy consumption and adiposity. Understanding factors that lead to higher levels of the reinforcing value of food is a critical first step toward developing novel treatment and prevention strategies for obesity. Our previous work has shown that repeated intake of snack foods, such as potato chips and chocolate candy, decreases the reinforcing value of that snack food in non-obese adults, but increases the reinforcing value of that snack food in a subset of obese adults. To date, this relationship has been demonstrated in cross-sectional studies. In addition, our preliminary data, presented in this application, suggest that individuals who increase responses for healthier snack foods (energy density <1.5 kcal/gram) weigh less than those who decrease responses for these foods after repeated administration. This suggests that sensitization of the reinforcing value of food may be a risk or a protective factor against obesity depending on the type of food being consumed. Another protective factor may be having a high reinforcing value of physical activity. Studies have shown that individuals who find physical activity very reinforcing weigh less. Finally, our work and that of others suggests that individuals who are high in reinforcing value of food and high in delay discounting may be at greater risk for weight gain. The purpose of the proposed study is to 1) determine if increases in the reinforcing value of high energy density snack foods predict weight gain over time. 2) Determine if increases in the reinforcing value of low energy density snacks protects against weight gain over time 3) to determine if reinforcing value of physical activity and/or delay discounting moderate the relationship between sensitization of the reinforcing value of food on weight change in adolescents. These studies will allow us not only to determine the weight-related consequences of sensitization of the reinforcing value of food, but also to identify factors that moderate changes in body weight over time as they relate to the reinforcing value of food. Once these factors are identified and characterized, future studies could focus on refining methods for altering the reinforcing value of food as a way to increase healthy eating and decrease less healthy food intake.

描述（由申请人提供）：青少年的大脑被驱使去寻找新的强化物，但涉及冲动控制和执行功能的大脑区域在成年早期仍然不成熟，这可能使青少年特别容易受到暴饮暴食和体重增加的影响。饮食或强化价值是能量消耗和肥胖的有力预测因素，了解导致食物强化价值水平升高的因素是开发新型治疗和预防的关键第一步。我们之前的研究表明，重复摄入零食（例如薯片和巧克力糖）会降低非肥胖成年人的零食强化价值，但会增加一部分零食的强化价值。迄今为止，这种关系已在横断面研究中得到证实。此外，我们在本申请中提供的初步数据表明，对健康零食（能量密度<1.5 kcal/克）的反应增加的个体体重。少于那些减少响应的人这表明，食物的强化价值的敏感性可能是预防肥胖的风险或保护因素，具体取决于所食用的食物类型，另一个保护因素可能是身体活动的高强化价值。最后，我们和其他人的研究表明，食物强化价值高且延迟折扣高的人体重增加的风险可能更大。拟议的研究是1) 确定高能量密度零食的强化值的增加是否会随着时间的推移预测体重增加 2) 确定低能量密度零食的强化值的增加是否会随着时间的推移防止体重增加 3) 确定身体的强化值是否会随着时间的推移而增加。活动和/或延迟折扣调节了食物强化价值的敏感性与青少年体重变化之间的关系。这些研究不仅使我们能够确定食物的敏感性与体重相关的后果。食物的强化价值，而且还确定了随着时间的推移调节体重变化的因素，因为它们与食物的强化价值有关。一旦这些因素被识别和表征，未来的研究可以集中于改进改变食物的强化价值的方法。作为增加健康饮食和减少不健康食物摄入的一种方式。