Attentional Biases: Overt and Covert Mechanisms

注意偏差：显性和隐性机制

• 批准号: 6765572
• 负责人: CHRISTOPHER M JANELLE
• 金额: $ 6.79万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-03-01 至 2006-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6765572
• 关键词: anxiety; anxiety disorders; attention; avoidance behavior; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; bias; clinical research; cues; electromyography; escape reaction; eye movements; fear; human subject; mood disorders; psychological tests; questionnaires; saccades; startle reaction; stimulus /response; video recording system; vision tests; anxiety; anxiety disorders; attention; avoidance behavior; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; bias; clinical research; cues; electromyography; escape reaction; eye movements; fear; human subject; mood disorders; psychological tests; questionnaires; saccades; startle reaction; stimulus /response; video recording system; vision tests

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The importance of understanding affective responsivity as pertaining to global health-related issues and a variety of clinical pathologies cannot be overstated. Indeed, such maladies as depression, anxiety disorders, phobias, and eating disorders, among others, strongly implicate dysfunctional affective regulation. The extent to which anxiety and fear related disorders are characterized by attentional maintenance or avoidance holds critical implications for the delivery of treatments such as exposure (in vivo and systematic desensitization), cognitive, and behavioral therapies that rely upon manipulation of attention / emotion interactions among people with affective disorders. Although various paradigms for assessment of emotional reactivity and attentional biases have been developed, each has yielded clearly limited and conflicting information concerning overt and covert indices of attentional allocation when detecting and processing emotional material. Three separate experiments are proposed to clarify discrepant interpretations concerning the maintenance and avoidance of affective cues among high and low trait anxious subjects. In Experiment 1, eye movements will be tracked during performance of a dot probe task across extended stimulus presentation periods to determine the direction and duration of attentional biases. Experiments 2 and 3 are designed to further evaluate the locus and extent of attentional biases by including a startle probe within the context of viewed picture arrays. As such, the degree of coupling between eye movements when viewing affective content (as determined through gaze behavior measures) and attentional allocation to emotional content (as assessed by startle modulated eye blink magnitude) will be determined. In turn, discrepant findings between advocates of avoidance and maintenance orientations to attentional biases will be resolved. Completion of the project will permit a more comprehensive and mechanistic understanding of approach and withdrawal behavior as related to emotional responsivity. Though basic in nature, the proposed line of research will provide a needed advance in the specificity by which attentional allocation and emotional reactivity can be measured, and consequently, will inform treatment modalities to alleviate the dysfunctional attentional biases that underlie anxiety related disorders.

描述（由申请人提供）：了解与全球健康相关问题和各种临床病理有关的情感反应性的重要性不能被夸大。确实，抑郁症，焦虑症，恐惧症和饮食失调等疾病也强烈暗示了功能失调的情感调节。焦虑和恐惧相关的疾病的特征是注意力维持或避免的特征是对诸如暴露（体内和系统的脱敏），认知和行为疗法等治疗的关键影响，这些疗法依赖于有情感灾难的人之间注意力 /情感相互作用的操纵 /情绪相互作用。尽管已经开发了各种用于评估情绪反应性和注意偏见的范例，但在检测和处理情感材料时，每个人都显然有限且相互矛盾的是有关注意分配的明显和秘密索引。提出了三个单独的实验，以阐明有关维持和避免高性和低性状焦虑受试者情感线索的差异解释。在实验1中，将在扩展的刺激呈现期间执行DOT探针任务期间跟踪眼睛运动，以确定注意力偏差的方向和持续时间。实验2和3旨在通过在查看的图片阵列的背景下包括惊吓探针来进一步评估注意力偏差的位置和程度。因此，将确定眼睛运动之间的耦合程度（通过凝视行为度量确定）和对情绪含量的注意力分配（如令人惊叹的调制眼眨眼评估）。反过来，将解决避免的倡导者和注意力偏见的维持方向之间的差异。该项目的完成将允许对方法和戒断行为具有更全面和机械的理解，这与情感反应性有关。尽管本质上是基本的，但拟议的研究线将在注意力分配和情绪反应性的特殊性中提供必要的进步，因此，将为治疗方式提供信息，以减轻与焦虑相关疾病构成的功能失调的注意力偏见。