Gender, Affect, and Expectancies in College Drinking

大学饮酒中的性别、影响和期望

• 批准号: 6682621
• 负责人: JENNIFER P. READ
• 金额: $ 15.7万
• 依托单位: STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-08-15 至 2006-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6682621
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); alcoholic beverage consumption; alcoholism /alcohol abuse; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; cognition; developmental psychology; emotions; expectancy; gender difference; human subject; psychological models; questionnaires; substance abuse epidemiology; substance abuse related behavior; university; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Despite documented gender differences in alcohol use and consequences among college students, the impact of gender on some of the most salient correlates of college drinking has been understudied. Specifically, both theory and empirical data offer support for an etiological conceptualization of college drinking that includes both affective and cognitive factors, and the literature suggests that these factors may affect drinking differentially by gender. Yet, the nature of relations among these critical variables and the ways that they may influence alcohol consumption remain unclear. Extant studies have yielded dissonant findings, perhaps in part due to the heavy reliance on self-report data and correlational designs to assess these associations. Controlled laboratory studies in this area clearly are needed. The objective of this new investigator R21 is to develop and conduct necessary laboratory studies to explicate these associations and to delineate affective and cognitive processes underlying college drinking. The proposed research program consists of a series of three studies. In the first study, multidimensional scaling (MDS) will be used to model alcohol expectancies across genders and at differing imagined doses of alcohol. In the second study, the effects of experimentally induced mood on the accessibility of alcohol expectancies will be examined in a 2(gender) X 3 (mood) factorial design. In the third study, undergraduates will be randomly assigned to a mood condition. Mood related changes in drinking will be examined in a 2 (gender) X 3 (mood) factorial design. Moderational effects of expectancies and mediational effects of expectancy accessibility on the affect-drinking association will be examined. In accordance with the goals of the Healthy People 2000 Initiative, this research program represents a critical first step toward decreasing heavy drinking among youths. Together, the proposed studies will yield fundamental knowledge about the unique and aggregate associations among gender, affect, expectancies, and alcohol consumption. The program is innovative in its systematic experimental examination of these associations. Findings from these studies have direct and important implications for preventive interventions, as they may facilitate the development of targeted, gender-appropriate interventions to reduce heavy alcohol use and its consequences among college students.

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管有记录的饮酒性别差异和大学生的后果差异，但性别对大学饮酒的一些最显着相关的影响已经被研究了。具体而言，理论和经验数据都为包括情感和认知因素在内的大学饮酒的病因概念化提供了支持，文献表明，这些因素可能会因性别而差异地影响饮酒。然而，这些关键变量之间关系的性质以及它们可能影响饮酒的方式尚不清楚。现有的研究产生了不和谐的发现，这可能部分是由于对自我报告数据和相关设计的严重依赖，以评估这些关联。显然需要在该领域进行的对照实验室研究。这位新研究者R21的目的是开发和进行必要的实验室研究，以解释这些关联，并描述大学饮酒的情感和认知过程。 拟议的研究计划包括一系列三项研究。在第一项研究中，多维缩放（MDS）将用于模拟性别及以不同想象的酒精剂量的饮酒。在第二项研究中，将在2（性别）x 3（情绪）阶乘设计中检查实验诱导的情绪对酒精预期可及性的影响。在第三项研究中，本科生将被随机分配到情绪状况。与情绪相关的饮酒变化将在2（性别）x 3（情绪）阶乘设计中进行检查。 将检查期望值和预期可及性对情感饮食关联的中介作用。 根据《 2000年健康人民》计划的目标，该研究计划是减少年轻人大量饮酒的关键第一步。拟议的研究一起将产生有关性别，情感，预期和饮酒之间独特和总体关联的基本知识。该计划在对这些关联的系统实验检查中具有创新性。这些研究的发现对预防干预措施具有直接而重要的影响，因为它们可能有助于开发针对性的，适合性别的干预措施，以减少大量饮酒及其在大学生中的后果。