Understanding Pancreatic Progenitors for Diabetes Cell-Replacement Therapy

了解胰腺祖细胞用于糖尿病细胞替代疗法

• 批准号: 8853275
• 负责人: Danwei Huangfu
• 金额: $ 46.68万
• 依托单位: SLOAN-KETTERING INST CAN RESEARCH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-07-01 至 2016-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8853275
• 关键词: Acinus organ component; Address; Beta Cell; Biological Assay; Biology; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Therapy; Cell surface; Cells; Cellular biology; Characteristics; Chemicals; Complement; Development; Developmental Biology; Diabetes Mellitus; Duct (organ) structure; EGF gene; Embryo; Embryonic Development; Endocrine; Epithelial; Exocrine pancreas; FGF10 gene; Fibroblasts; Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting; Foundations; Genetic; Genetic study; Goals; Growth Factor; Human; In Vitro; Individual; Insulin; Investigation; Knowledge; Laboratories; Lead; Molecular; Multipotent Stem Cells; Mus; Outcome; Pancreas; Patients; Physiological; Pluripotent Stem Cells; Property; Protocols documentation; Replacement Therapy; Research; Role; Signal Transduction; Staging; Stem cells; Structure of beta Cell of islet; Therapeutic; Work; base; beta cell replacement; cell type; diabetic patient; genetic approach; global health; human embryonic stem cell; in vivo; induced pluripotent stem cell; islet; mouse development; novel; novel strategies; progenitor; research study; self-renewal; stem cell differentiation; type I and type II diabetes

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Diabetes mellitus is an escalating global health problem. Both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes lead to the gradual loss of insulin-producing beta cells. Our long-term goal is to develop beta cell replacement strategies to overcome the insulin deficiency in diabetic patients. To achieve this goal, we have developed novel, safer approaches to convert patient fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using chemicals together with genetic factors. These iPSCs can be differentiated into multipotent pancreatic progenitors, the precursors to beta cells, using protocols developed for human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). However, our understanding of the basic biology of pancreatic progenitor cells is still rudimentary, which presents hurdles in the development of effective strategies to expand and further differentiate these progenitor cells for therapy. Evidence emerged from our own studies and from those of other laboratories suggests that pancreatic progenitor cells are heterogeneous, and likely consist of subpopulations with different physiological functions. Yet, molecular and functional distinctions between these subpopulations are poorly understood. It is unclear which subpopulation(s) in the developing pancreas is(are) capable of generating functional beta cells, and to which extent a specific subpopulation is capable of self-renewal. Even less is known about the physiological functions and self-renewal properties of pancreatic progenitor cells differentiated from hESCs. We aim to address these critical questions in this proposal. We hypothesize that the pancreatic progenitor cell compartment in vivo contains heterogeneous subpopulations: (i) a common multipotent pancreatic progenitor responsible for generating all three pancreatic lineages; and (ii) distinct lineage-specific progenitors responsible for generating one or two specific pancreatic lineages. Based on this hypothesis, the overall objective of this proposal is to define pancreatic progenitor subpopulations in terms of their molecular characteristics and physiological functions, as well as to identify mechanisms for self-renewal. We anticipate that our study will yield the following outcomes. Aim 1 will reveal the presence of distinct pancreatic progenitor subpopulations both during embryo development and in hESC differentiation culture. This will identify the progenitor subpopulation(s) capable of generating functional cells. Aim 2 will identify cell surface markers for enrichment of the appropriate progenitor subpopulation(s) for further � differentiation into � cells, and set the stage for studies on expansion of progenitor cells. Aim 3 will elucidate the mechanism of self-renewal of distinct progenitor subpopulations, which are critical for the development of novel, effective strategies to expand pancreatic progenitors for beta cell replacement therapy. Additionally, the ability to generate a large quantity of human pancreatic progenitor cells will provide a new way to study the biology of these cells to complement mouse genetics approaches. Broadly, the proposed research will lead to novel findings to fill in critical gaps in our current knowledge of human pancreatic development.

描述（由申请人提供）：糖尿病是一个不断升级的全球健康问题，1 型和 2 型糖尿病都会导致产生胰岛素的 β 细胞逐渐丧失。我们的长期目标是开发 β 细胞替代策略来克服这一问题。为了实现这一目标，我们开发了新的、更安全的方法，利用化学物质和遗传因子将患者成纤维细胞转化为诱导多能干细胞 (iPSC)。使用为人类胚胎干细胞 (hESC) 开发的方案可以分化为多能胰腺祖细胞（β 细胞的前体）。然而，我们对胰腺祖细胞的基本生物学的了解仍然处于初级阶段，这在有效性的开发中遇到了障碍。我们自己的研究和其他实验室的研究得出的证据表明，胰腺祖细胞是异质的，并且可能由以下组成：然而，人们对这些亚群之间的分子和功能差异知之甚少，目前尚不清楚发育中的胰腺中的哪些亚群能够产生功能性β细胞，以及特定亚群的产生程度如何。我们对从 hESC 分化而来的胰腺祖细胞的生理功能和自我更新特性知之甚少。体内祖细胞区室包含异质亚群：（i）负责产生所有三种胰腺谱系的共同多能胰腺祖细胞；和（ii）负责产生一种或两种特定胰腺谱系的不同谱系特异性祖细胞。该提案的总体目标是定义胰腺祖细胞 我们预计我们的研究将产生以下结果：在胚胎发育过程中和在胚胎发育过程中存在不同的胰腺祖细胞亚群。 hESC 分化培养。这将鉴定能够产生功能细胞的祖细胞亚群。目标 2 将鉴定细胞表面标记，以富集适当的祖细胞亚群以进行进一步分化。目标 3 将阐明不同祖细胞亚群的自我更新机制，这对于开发新的、有效的策略来扩展胰腺祖细胞以替代 β 细胞至关重要。额外的治疗，产生大量人类胰腺祖细胞的能力将为研究这些细胞的生物学提供一种新方法，以补充小鼠遗传学方法。从广义上讲，拟议的研究将带来新的结果。填补关键发现 我们目前对人类胰腺发育的了解存在差距。