MRI Corticography (MRCoG): Micro-scale Human Cortical Imaging

MRI 皮质成像 (MRCoG)：微型人体皮质成像

基本信息

批准号：
9085397
负责人：
David Alan Feinberg
金额：
$ 47.01万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2014-09-26 至 2018-11-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9085397
关键词：
Axon Brain Brain Concussion Brain Diseases Brain imaging Caring Cells Cognition Disorders Complement Computational algorithm Computer Simulation Data Set Diagnostic Diffusion Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Disease Electrocorticogram Epilepsy Evaluation Fiber Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Genetic Geometry Goals Health Human Image Imaging Techniques Life Magnetic Resonance Imaging Maps Measurement Mental Depression Mental Health Methods Neocortex Network-based Neurons Neurosciences Pathway Analysis Patient Care Patients Penetration Peripheral Physiologic pulse Positron-Emission Tomography Predisposition Process Research Resolution Scanning Seizures Shapes Signal Transduction Slice Speed Structure System Techniques Technology Testing Thick Three-Dimensional Imaging Translating Traumatic Brain Injury Validation base blood oxygen level dependent brain circuitry brain volume clinical application connectome cortex mapping data acquisition density design image processing image reconstruction improved in vivo innovation mild traumatic brain injury neocortical neural circuit neuronal circuitry neurovascular coupling new technology novel optical imaging optogenetics prototype radiofrequency sensor spatiotemporal temporal measurement tool validation studies white matter

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): MRI is the only technology that can image the connectivity of the human brain in vivo and non-invasively. However, neither BOLD fMRI nor diffusion-based fiber tracking has been able to break the barrier of 1-mm voxel spatial resolution. Yet, 1-mm voxel contains roughly 50,000 neuronal cells and the human cortex is less than 5 mm thick. The disparity between the spatial scales has thus created a large gap between MRI studies of the whole brain and optical imaging and cell recordings of groups of neurons. The overarching objective of this proposal is to bring noninvasive human brain imaging into the microscale resolution and begin to bridge studies of neuronal circuitry and network organization in the human brain. Our breakthrough technology, termed MR Corticography (MRCoG), will achieve dramatic gains in spatial and temporal resolutions by focusing exclusively to the cortex. Higher-sensitivity coil sensors will be designed that tailor to the superficial volume of the brain MRCoG will also be used to map intracortical axonal connectivity, overcoming a fundamental resolution limit inherent to all in vivo human neuronal fiber tractography to date by replacing diffusion imaging with a novel susceptibility contrast mapping of axon fibers. Innovative imaging pulse sequences will be designed to complement the high-sensitivity coil arrays to achieve higher spatial resolution in the neocortex. The improved capabilities of these sensors will be further exploited using new, vastly more efficient spatial multiplexed and temporal multiplexed image acquisition to further accelerate scanning by taking advantage of spatiotemporal sparsity. In summary, the proposed research will create a novel technology for imaging the human brain's neocortex with barrier-breaking resolution and contrast. MRCoG will facilitate the integration between in vivo non-invasive human-brain MRI and cellular and genetic imaging techniques. If successful, it will fundamentally transform our ability to study the human brain. Because it is based on MRI, MRCoG can be readily translated to patient care, providing potential high impact in the care of mental health, traumatic brain injuries, epilepsy among many other debilitating brain diseases and disorders.

描述（由申请人提供）：MRI 是唯一能够对人脑的活体连接进行非侵入性成像的技术，但是 BOLD fMRI 和基于扩散的纤维追踪都无法突破 1 毫米的障碍。然而，1 毫米的体素包含大约 50,000 个神经元细胞，而人类皮层的厚度不到 5 毫米，因此空间尺度之间的差异造成了 MRI 之间的巨大差距。该提案的总体目标是将非侵入性人脑成像纳入微尺度分辨率，并开始对人脑中的神经元电路和网络组织进行研究。称为 MR 皮质成像 (MRCoG) 的突破性技术将通过专门聚焦于皮质来实现空间和时间分辨率的显着提高，还将使用 MRCoG 来设计适合大脑表面体积的更高灵敏度线圈传感器。为了绘制皮质内轴突连接，通过用轴突纤维的新型磁敏感度对比映射代替扩散成像，克服迄今为止所有体内人类神经元纤维束成像所固有的基本分辨率限制，将设计创新的成像脉冲序列来补充高灵敏度线圈。阵列以在新皮质中实现更高的空间分辨率，这些传感器的改进功能将通过使用新的、更高效的空间多路复用和时间多路复用图像采集来进一步利用，以进一步加速扫描。总之，拟议的研究将创建一种以突破性分辨率和对比度对人脑新皮质进行成像的新技术，将促进体内非侵入性人脑 MRI 与细胞和遗传成像技术的集成。如果成功，它将从根本上改变我们研究人类大脑的能力，因为它基于 MRI，MRCoG 可以很容易地转化为患者护理，为心理健康、创伤性脑损伤、癫痫以及许多其他使人衰弱的脑部疾病和紊乱。