Investigation of the control and monitoring of task sequences

任务序列的控制和监视的调查

• 批准号: 8787807
• 负责人: Theresa Marie Desrochers
• 金额: $ 5.6万
• 依托单位: BROWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8787807
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Area; Behavior; Brain; Bread; Diagnosis; Ensure; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Goals; Hybrids; Independent Living; Individual; Investigation; Knowledge; Learning; Left; Life; Lobe; Monitor; Motor; Patients; Quality of life; Relative (related person); Research; Scanning; Signal Transduction; Structure; Support System; Task Performances; Taxes; Testing; Time; Work; abstracting; base; blood oxygenation level dependent response; cognitive control; cognitive task; design; experience; frontal lobe; improved; insight; novel; relating to nervous system; response

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Many everyday tasks require sequences of multiple goals and subgoals. For example, the goal of making a sandwich may contain the subgoals of toasting the bread and spreading a condiment, which themselves consist of sequences of subgoals (e.g. getting a knife, opening the jar, etc.). Our ability to guide these actions flexiblyis known as cognitive control, and this is a primary function of the frontal cortex. Recent research has suggested that the frontal cortex is organized along the rostrocaudal axis to control cognitive tasks at different levels of abstraction (goals to sub-subgoals), or hierarchically. Most of this work, however, used non-sequential tasks; therefore, it has been only assumed that similar control mechanisms will support hierarchical control over sequences of tasks. This leaves at least three unanswered questions fundamental to our understanding of frontal lobe and cognitive control function, generally: 1) does the rostrocaudal organization of frontal cortex support hierarchical control of task sequences; 2) what are the dynamics of the control and monitoring throughout task sequences; and 3) how does the control of task sequences change with learning. These three questions will be addressed across our three aims by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the following hypotheses: 1) the hierarchical control of task sequences is supported by the rostrocaudal organization of frontal cortex; 2) monitoring will occur either in a sustained manner (throughout) or in a transient manner (at the beginning/end) for familiar task sequences; and 3) monitoring will transition from occurring in a sustained fashion over novel sequences to occurring transiently at sequence boundaries in familiar sequences with learning. The insight into the monitoring and control of task sequences that will be gained will be fundamental to the understanding of how we perform everyday tasks. This understanding is particularly crucial to the quality of life of those patients who have fronta lobe dysfunction or damage. Such patients often cannot live independently because they have trouble planning and monitoring the task sequences that are commonly required.

描述（由申请人提供）：许多日常任务需要一系列的多个目标和子目标。例如，制作三明治的目标可能包含烤面包和撒调味品的子目标，这些子目标本身由子目标序列组成（例如拿刀、打开罐子等）。我们灵活引导这些行动的能力被称为认知控制，这是额叶皮层的主要功能。最近的研究表明，额叶皮层沿着轴尾轴组织，以控制不同抽象级别（目标到子目标）或分层的认知任务。最多 然而，这项工作使用了非顺序任务；因此，仅假设类似的控制机制将支持对任务序列的分层控制。这至少留下了三个悬而未决的问题，这些问题对于我们理解额叶和认知控制功能至关重要，一般来说：1）额叶皮层的轴尾组织是否支持任务序列的分层控制？ 2）整个任务序列的控制和监视的动态是什么； 3）任务序列的控制如何随着学习而变化。这三个问题将通过使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究以下假设来解决我们的三个目标：1）任务序列的分层控制由额叶皮层的轴尾组织支持； 2) 对于熟悉的任务序列，监控将以持续的方式（整个过程）或短暂的方式（在开始/结束时）进行； 3）监控将从在新序列上以持续方式发生转变为在熟悉序列的序列边界处短暂发生并进行学习。对任务序列的监视和控制的深入了解对于理解我们如何执行日常任务至关重要。这种理解对于额叶功能障碍或损伤患者的生活质量尤其重要。此类患者通常无法独立生活，因为他们无法规划和监控通常需要的任务序列。