The Genomic Basis and Molecular Mechanisms of Speciation

物种形成的基因组基础和分子机制

• 批准号: 10706528
• 负责人: Yasir Ahmed
• 金额: $ 37.5万
• 依托单位: SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-19 至 2027-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10706528
• 关键词: Affect; Biological Models; Biology; Cell physiology; Complex; Coupled; Creativeness; Data; Drosophila genus; F Factor; Functional disorder; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Drift; Genetic Techniques; Genetic Variation; Genome; Genomics; Goals; Hybrids; Male Sterility; Male Sterilizations; Molecular; Molecular Genetics; Mutation; Partner in relationship; Pathway interactions; Population; Process; Proteomics; Research; Sterility; Subgroup; X Chromosome; Y Chromosome; human disease; improved; innovation; male fertility; member; reproductive; tool; trait; transcriptomics

PROJECT SUMMARY One of the fundamental problems in evolutionary biology is to understand the molecular genetic basis of speciation. Recent advances in speciation research have improved our understanding of interspecific divergence, but we still lack a comprehensive understanding of the molecular processes that diverge among incipient species. In the handful of cases where the genetic mechanisms of reproductive isolation have been elucidated, these invariably tackle late-evolving and/or hybrid dysfunction. This means that we still lack a general understanding of the molecular processes that govern pre-zygotic reproductive barriers, even though these are often important early in the speciation process. My lab will tackle this problem by identifying the molecular genetic basis of pre-zygotic and post-zygotic re- productive isolation between members of the Drosophila virilis species sub-group. This species group provides an especially unique opportunity to dissect the genetic and molecular mechanisms of pre-zygotic barriers, as members of this group are prone to evolve these types of barriers quickly between species and even among populations of the same species. Our overall approach integrates several strategies to answer the following questions: What are the genetic mechanisms that cause reproductive isolation between species? Which molec- ular and cellular processes are affected by divergence of these genetic mechanisms? What are the evolutionary forces that drive divergence of the relevant genes between species? What is the landscape of natural genetic variation within and between species that facilitates evolutionary divergence of these genes? The first project within this proposal will focus on post-mating pre-zygotic barriers (i.e., gametic incompatibil- ities). I have previously shown that gametic incompatibilities are rampant in the D. virilis sub-group, and that the genetic basis is moderately complex but highly tractable using a combination of molecular genetics techniques coupled with transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of reproductive traits. The second project will tackle the mechanisms of hybrid male sterility that are caused by incompatibilities between the Y and X chromosomes. The Drosophila Y chromosome carries several male fertility factors, but it has seldom been directly implicated in interspecific hybrid sterility between closely related species. Our preliminary data show that the Y chromosome is necessary and sufficient to cause sterility in hybrids. The research in this proposal will be innovative because we will deploy cutting edge tools in creative ways that will allow us to dissect complex genetic mechanisms in a newly established model system.

项目摘要 进化生物学的基本问题之一是了解 规格。规范研究的最新进展提高了我们对种间差异的理解， 但是我们仍然对初期物种之间差异的分子过程缺乏全面的理解。 在少数情况下，已经阐明了生殖分离的遗传机制 始终可以解决后期发展和/或混合功能障碍。这意味着我们仍然缺乏一般的理解 在控制前循环生殖屏障的分子过程中，尽管这些障碍通常很重要 在规范过程的早期。 我的实验室将通过确定固结前和杂种后的分子遗传基础来解决这个问题 果蝇病毒物种亚组成员之间的生产隔离。该物种组提供 一个特别独特的机会，是剖析固定屏障的遗传和分子机制，如 该组的成员容易在物种之间及其之间迅速发展这些类型的障碍 同一物种的种群。我们的整体方法整合了几种回答以下策略 问题：什么是在物种之间引起生殖隔离的遗传机制？哪个分子 - 乌拉尔和细胞过程受这些遗传机制差异的影响？进化是什么 驱动物种之间相关基因差异的力？自然遗传学的景观是什么 促进这些基因进化差异的物种内部和之间的变化？ 该提案中的第一个项目将重点放在交配前的循环障碍上（即配子不兼容 - ities）。我以前已经表明，配子性不相容性在D. virilis子组中猖ramp，并且 遗传基础是中等复杂的，但使用分子遗传学技术的组合可以高度处理 再加上生殖特征的转录组和蛋白质组学分析。第二个项目将解决 由Y和X染色体之间不兼容引起的杂交男性无菌性的机制。 果蝇染色体具有多种男性生育因素，但很少与 密切相关的物种之间的种间杂交无菌。我们的初步数据表明Y染色体 是必要的，并且能够在杂种中引起不育。 该提案中的研究将具有创新性，因为我们将以创造性的方式部署尖端工具 将使我们能够在新建立的模型系统中剖析复杂的遗传机制。