Mechanisms and impacts of astrocyte inflammasome activation during viral encephalitis
病毒性脑炎期间星形胶质细胞炎症小体激活的机制和影响
基本信息
- 批准号:10704530
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 4.08万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:
- 财政年份:2022
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2022-07-01 至 2024-01-01
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:AcuteAddressAffectAnimalsAstrocytesAttenuatedAutomobile DrivingBiological ModelsBrainCASP1 geneCentral Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System Viral DiseasesCognitiveCognitive deficitsDataDefectDetectionDiseaseEncephalitisExhibitsExposure toFlavivirusFunctional disorderHippocampusHumanImmuneImmune responseImmune systemImpairmentIn VitroInfectionInflammasomeInflammatoryInjuryInterferon Type IIInterferonsInterleukin-1 betaLaboratoriesLearningLeukocytesLoxP-flanked alleleMacrophageMediatingMemoryMicrogliaModelingMolecularMonitorMouse StrainsMusMutationNeurocognitiveNeuronsNucleotidesOutcomeParticipantPathologicPathway interactionsProductionProteinsPurinergic P2 ReceptorsPurinoceptorRNA VirusesReceptor SignalingRecoveryResearchRoleSeveritiesSignal TransductionSourceSurvivorsSynapsesT cell responseT-LymphocyteThird ventricle structureTissuesViralViral EncephalitisVirusVirus DiseasesVisuospatialWest NileWest Nile EncephalitisWest Nile viral infectionWest Nile virusadult neurogenesisastrocyte progenitorepidemic virusexperimental studyextracellularin vivolearning abilitymosquito-bornemouse modelnerve stem cellneural circuitneural correlateneurogenesisneurotropicnovelpharmacologicpreventreceptorrecruitresponsestem cell fatetherapeutic targetviral RNA
项目摘要
PROJECT SUMMARY
Viral infections of the central nervous system (CNS) pose a particularly difficult challenge to the host
immune system. Virus must be cleared from the CNS without significant immune-mediated damage to
neuronal tissues. In recent years, it has been increasingly recognized that survivors of viral encephalitides,
such as West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease (WNND), suffer from longterm neurocognitive sequelae. Past
research from our laboratory has modeled this phenomenon in mice by direct inoculation of attenuated West
Nile virus into the third ventricle of the brain. In this model, mice recover from encephalitis, but immune-
mediated damage causes adverse cognitive sequelae. Inflammatory astrocytes produce interleukin-1β after
viral infection and interferon-γ-producing T cells drive microglia activation. Each of these pathways negatively
impacts hippocampal synapse recovery, hippocampal neurogenesis, and visuospatial learning.
Astrocytes are not directly infected by West Nile virus in vivo, but they nonetheless display NLRP3
inflammasome activation and downstream production of active caspase-1 and interleukin-1β. The signals that
drive activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in astrocytes during viral infection remain completely
unknown. However, astrocytes express the P2 purinergic receptor P2RX7, which can mediate inflammasome
activation in macrophages exposed to high concentrations of extracellular ATP. Here, I propose that neuronal
synapse elimination during viral encephalitis releases supraphsyiologic levels of extracellular ATP, leading to
astrocyte inflammasome activation. In Aim 1, I will seek to confirm this hypothesis by generating a novel
mouse strain that specifically and inducibly lacks P2RX7 on astrocytes. In addition, I propose that heightened
extracellular ATP levels signal to neuronal stem cells via P2RX7, driving their differentiation towards reactive
astrogenesis rather than neurogenesis. I hypothesize that this pathway may contribute towards the lack of
hippocampal neurogenesis in our model of WNND. In Aim 2, I will investigate this possibility by infecting
animals with P2RX7-deficient neural stem cells with West Nile virus and monitoring for changes in
hippocampal neurogenesis and visuospatial learning ability. Together, these Aims will characterize novel
functions of the purinergic receptor P2RX7 during neuroinvasive viral infection, potentially identifying a target
for pharmacologic therapies that reduce the severity of post-infectious neurocognitive sequelae.
项目摘要
中枢神经系统(CNS)的病毒感染对宿主构成了一个特别困难的挑战
免疫系统。必须从中枢神经系统中清除病毒,而没有明显的免疫介导的损害
神经组织。近年来,人们越来越认识到病毒性脑膜的存活,
例如西尼罗河病毒神经侵袭性疾病(WNND),患有长期神经认知后遗症。过去的
我们实验室的研究通过直接接种减毒的西部进行了对小鼠现象的建模
尼罗河病毒进入大脑的第三个心室。在该模型中,小鼠从脑炎中恢复过来,但免疫
介导的损害导致不良认知后遗症。炎性星形胶质细胞在
病毒感染和产生干扰素的T细胞驱动小胶质细胞激活。这些途径中的每一个负面
影响海马突触恢复,海马神经发生和视觉学习。
星形胶质细胞不直接被体内西尼罗河病毒感染,但它们仍然显示NLRP3
活性caspase-1和白介素1β的炎性体激活和下游产生。信号
病毒感染期间星形胶质细胞中NLRP3炎症体激活的驱动激活仍然完全
未知。但是,星形胶质细胞表达P2嘌呤能受体P2RX7,可以介导炎性体
暴露于高浓度细胞外ATP的巨噬细胞中的激活。在这里,我建议神经元
病毒性脑炎期间的突触消除释放细胞外ATP的上术水平,导致
星形胶质细胞炎症体激活。在AIM 1中,我将寻求通过产生小说来确认这一假设
小鼠应变,特定诱导的人星形胶质细胞缺乏P2RX7。此外,我建议提高
细胞外ATP水平通过P2RX7信号向神经元干细胞发出信号,将其分化向反应性驱动
天气生成而不是神经发生。我假设该途径可能有助于缺乏
我们的WNND模型中的海马神经发生。在AIM 2中,我将通过感染来调查这种可能性
具有P2RX7缺乏性神经干细胞的动物,西尼罗河病毒并监测变化
海马神经发生和视觉学习能力。这些目标在一起将描述小说
神经侵染病毒感染期间嘌呤能受体P2RX7的功能,有可能识别靶标
用于减少感染后神经认知后遗症严重程度的药物疗法。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
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科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Veronica Anjali Dave其他文献
Veronica Anjali Dave的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Veronica Anjali Dave', 18)}}的其他基金
Mechanisms and impacts of astrocyte inflammasome activation during viral encephalitis
病毒性脑炎期间星形胶质细胞炎症小体激活的机制和影响
- 批准号:
10424785 - 财政年份:2022
- 资助金额:
$ 4.08万 - 项目类别:
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