Role of fixational eye movements and saccades in processing spatial information in V1-V2-V4 networks

注视眼运动和扫视在处理 V1-V2-V4 网络空间信息中的作用

• 批准号: 10685318
• 负责人: Keith P. Purpura
• 金额: $ 53.65万
• 依托单位: WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2026-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10685318
• 关键词: Area; Back; Behavior; Brain; Brain Injuries; Communication; Cues; Custom; Disease; Electrophysiology (science); Eye; Eye Movements; Frequencies; Grant; Human; Image; Impaired cognition; Implant; Learning Disorders; Maps; Methods; Microelectrodes; Modeling; Monkeys; Motion; Motor; Noise; Output; Pattern; Pattern Recognition; Performance; Phase; Play; Population; Psychophysics; Recurrence; Research; Resolution; Retina; Role; Saccades; Sampling; Sensory; Sensory Disorders; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Source; Stimulus; Structure; Technology; Testing; Texture; Time; Uncertainty; Vision; Visual; Work; active vision; area V1; design; developmental disease; experience; experimental study; extrastriate visual cortex; feasibility research; fovea centralis; gaze; information gathering; information processing; interest; luminance; natural flow; neural; neural patterning; nonhuman primate; novel; oculomotor; prevent; real-time images; retinal imaging; retinal neuron; sample fixation; sensory stimulus; spatiotemporal; visual information; visual processing; visual tracking

This project focuses on cortical mechanisms in areas V1, V2, and V4 (V1-2-4) underlying the information- processing roles of saccades and fixational eye movements (FxEMs: microsaccades and drift) in vision. Both saccades and microsaccades are followed by drift. Sequences of saccade/drift and microsaccade/drift cycles, both of which we will refer to as saccade/drift cycles (SDC’s), are believed to be critical to gathering information about visual scenes and the objects within them. We will record single-unit and local field potential (LFP) activity from the foveal projection in areas V1-2-4 simultaneously while monkeys perform match-to-sample tasks for shape or texture, with shapes filled with texture, to understand the role of SDC’s in cortical processing during active vision. Through the use of gaze-stabilization, we will be able to disrupt the retinal input to the cortex during the task to probe selectively how SDC’s control processing of shape and texture in early visual areas. In active vision, the SDC maps spatial information into temporal patterns of neural activity. Recent modeling and psychophysical work have determined that the initial transient phase of the cycle encodes coarse features, while the later, more prolonged period of drift is critical for extracting fine details. We are interested in how the transition from coarse to fine processing in the SDC is implemented in local and inter-areal cortical networks. We hypothesize that processing in these networks during the SDC begins with a phase of transient feedforward activity followed by a longer phase of recurrent and re-entrant activity that coincides with gamma oscillations in the networks. We hypothesize that shape is captured in the initial phase of the SDC and finer features of the shape’s border and the region within the shape by the recurrent phase of processing during drift. We also suggest that the cortex uses sequences of SDC’s to accumulate information and that the organization of networks within the cortex, in terms of their hierarchy and temporal frequency band for communication, depends on whether the sequence is dominated by saccades and drift (looking) or by microsaccades and drift (fixating). In AIM 1, we focus on activity phase-locked to the SDC where the match to sample for shape or texture is fixed for an entire day’s session. The SDC’s in this task will be dominated by microsaccades/drifts. We will ask if accurate matches for shape coincide with stronger SDC transients in the network and if accurate matches for texture produce robust gamma coherence that emerges later in the SDC. In AIM 2, we investigate sequences of SDC’s in periods of looking and fixating for a match-to-sample task where the monkey is given a cue on every trial for the correct match of shape or texture. Information is gained across the trial through saccades and FxEMs, and we ask how the dynamics of V1-2-4 network activity, phase-locked to these sequences, reflect performance and task. Gaze-stabilization will be used in both AIMs to impact cortical processing of the sample stimulus. How the SDC’s modulate the causal relationships between cortical areas and the dynamics of those interactions will be examined through a new method of analysis, frequency-extracted hierarchical decomposition.

该项目侧重于V1，V2和V4区域（V1-2-4）的皮质机制。 扫视和固定眼运动的作用（FXEM：微扫描和漂移）在视力中。 扫视和微扫描之后是扫视/漂移和微扫描/漂移周期的序列 我们将两者都称为扫视/漂移周期（SDC），这对于收集信息至关重要 关于视觉场景及其中的对象。 同时从v1-2-4区域的动脉投影，而猴子执行样本任务 形状或质地，形状充满纹理，以了解SDC在皮质加工过程中的作用 活跃的视力。 在早期视觉区域中，SDC的形状和纹理的控制处理如何选择性地探究了如何进行探测。 在主动视力中，SDC将空间信息映射为神经活动的时间模式 Andychophysical工作已经确定了循环的初始瞬态阶段编码粗糙特征， 较晚的时间延长的时间对于提取细节至关重要。 SDC中从粗糙处理的过渡是在局部内部 - 植物皮质网络中实现的。 我们假设在SDC期间这些网络中的处理始于转移阶段 活性，然后是较长的复发性和重分活性，与γ振荡一致 网络我们假设该形状是在SDC的初始阶段捕获的 我们还建议，形状的边界和形状在形状内的区域 Cortex使用SDC的序列来使信息和组织中的网络组织 根据其层次结构和用于通信的时间频带，皮层取决于Whiteer。 序列由扫视和漂移（外观）或微弹跳和漂移（固定）主导。 在AIM 1中，我们专注于与SDC的活动相锁定的匹配以进行样本或纹理的样品 修复了Antire Day的会议 如果形状的准确匹配与网络中的差异相吻合，并且是否准确匹配 纹理产生强大的伽马相干性，在AIM 2中出现。 SDC在寻找匹配样本任务的时期 适用于形状或纹理的匹配。 我们询问V1-2-4网络活动的动力学是如何反映性能的。 和任务。 SDC调节皮质区域之间的因果关系和这些互动的动态将会 通过新的分析方法，频率提取的分层分解进行检查。