Role of fixational eye movements and saccades in processing spatial information in V1-V2-V4 networks

注视眼运动和扫视在处理 V1-V2-V4 网络空间信息中的作用

• 批准号: 10685318
• 负责人: Keith P. Purpura
• 金额: $ 53.65万
• 依托单位: WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2026-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10685318
• 关键词: Area; Back; Behavior; Brain; Brain Injuries; Communication; Cues; Custom; Disease; Electrophysiology (science); Eye; Eye Movements; Frequencies; Grant; Human; Image; Impaired cognition; Implant; Learning Disorders; Maps; Methods; Microelectrodes; Modeling; Monkeys; Motion; Motor; Noise; Output; Pattern; Pattern Recognition; Performance; Phase; Play; Population; Psychophysics; Recurrence; Research; Resolution; Retina; Role; Saccades; Sampling; Sensory; Sensory Disorders; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Source; Stimulus; Structure; Technology; Testing; Texture; Time; Uncertainty; Vision; Visual; Work; active vision; area V1; design; developmental disease; experience; experimental study; extrastriate visual cortex; feasibility research; fovea centralis; gaze; information gathering; information processing; interest; luminance; natural flow; neural; neural patterning; nonhuman primate; novel; oculomotor; prevent; real-time images; retinal imaging; retinal neuron; sample fixation; sensory stimulus; spatiotemporal; visual information; visual processing; visual tracking

This project focuses on cortical mechanisms in areas V1, V2, and V4 (V1-2-4) underlying the information- processing roles of saccades and fixational eye movements (FxEMs: microsaccades and drift) in vision. Both saccades and microsaccades are followed by drift. Sequences of saccade/drift and microsaccade/drift cycles, both of which we will refer to as saccade/drift cycles (SDC’s), are believed to be critical to gathering information about visual scenes and the objects within them. We will record single-unit and local field potential (LFP) activity from the foveal projection in areas V1-2-4 simultaneously while monkeys perform match-to-sample tasks for shape or texture, with shapes filled with texture, to understand the role of SDC’s in cortical processing during active vision. Through the use of gaze-stabilization, we will be able to disrupt the retinal input to the cortex during the task to probe selectively how SDC’s control processing of shape and texture in early visual areas. In active vision, the SDC maps spatial information into temporal patterns of neural activity. Recent modeling and psychophysical work have determined that the initial transient phase of the cycle encodes coarse features, while the later, more prolonged period of drift is critical for extracting fine details. We are interested in how the transition from coarse to fine processing in the SDC is implemented in local and inter-areal cortical networks. We hypothesize that processing in these networks during the SDC begins with a phase of transient feedforward activity followed by a longer phase of recurrent and re-entrant activity that coincides with gamma oscillations in the networks. We hypothesize that shape is captured in the initial phase of the SDC and finer features of the shape’s border and the region within the shape by the recurrent phase of processing during drift. We also suggest that the cortex uses sequences of SDC’s to accumulate information and that the organization of networks within the cortex, in terms of their hierarchy and temporal frequency band for communication, depends on whether the sequence is dominated by saccades and drift (looking) or by microsaccades and drift (fixating). In AIM 1, we focus on activity phase-locked to the SDC where the match to sample for shape or texture is fixed for an entire day’s session. The SDC’s in this task will be dominated by microsaccades/drifts. We will ask if accurate matches for shape coincide with stronger SDC transients in the network and if accurate matches for texture produce robust gamma coherence that emerges later in the SDC. In AIM 2, we investigate sequences of SDC’s in periods of looking and fixating for a match-to-sample task where the monkey is given a cue on every trial for the correct match of shape or texture. Information is gained across the trial through saccades and FxEMs, and we ask how the dynamics of V1-2-4 network activity, phase-locked to these sequences, reflect performance and task. Gaze-stabilization will be used in both AIMs to impact cortical processing of the sample stimulus. How the SDC’s modulate the causal relationships between cortical areas and the dynamics of those interactions will be examined through a new method of analysis, frequency-extracted hierarchical decomposition.

该项目侧重于V1，V2和V4区域（V1-2-4）的皮质机制。 扫视和固定眼动运动（FXEM：微扫描和漂移）的处理作用。两个都 扫视和微扫描之后是漂移。扫视/漂移和微扫描/漂移周期的序列， 我们将两者称为扫视/漂移周期（SDC），据信对于收集信息至关重要 关于视觉场景和其中的对象。我们将记录单单元和本地田间电位（LFP）活动 从v1-2-4区域的中央凹投影中，猴子执行对匹配样本的任务 形状或质地，形状充满质地，以了解SDC在皮质加工过程中的作用 积极的视力。通过使用凝视稳定，我们将能够破坏对皮质的残留输入 在早期视觉区域中，SDC的形状和纹理的控制处理如何有选择地探究。 在主动视力中，SDC将空间信息映射为神经活动的临时模式。最近的建模 心理物理工作已经确定循环的初始瞬态阶段编码粗糙的特征， 虽然更长的漂移时间对于提取细节至关重要。我们对如何 从SDC中的粗糙处理过渡到局部和美地间皮质网络实施。 我们假设在SDC期间这些网络中的处理始于瞬态馈电阶段 活性，然后是较长的复发性和重分活性，与γ振荡一致 网络。我们假设该形状是在SDC的初始阶段捕获的，并且更精细的特征 形状的边界和在漂移过程中的加工的复发阶段在形状内的区域。我们也建议 皮层使用SDC的序列来积累信息，并在内部组织网络的组织 根据其层次结构和临时频带进行通信的皮质，取决于是否是否取决于 序列由扫视和漂移（外观）或微扫描和漂移（固定）主导。 在AIM 1中，我们专注于活动相锁定到SDC的活动，在该活动中进行样本或纹理样品的匹配 修复了整天的课程。此任务中的SDC将由Microsaccades/Drifts主导。我们会问的 如果形状与网络中更强的SDC瞬变相吻合，并且是否具有准确的匹配 质地产生了强大的伽马连贯性，后者在SDC后面出现。在AIM 2中，我们研究了 SDC在寻找和修复时期的匹配样本任务时，在每个匹配样本上都有一个提示 试用形状或纹理的正确匹配。通过扫视和FXEM在整个试验中获得信息， 我们询问V1-2-4网络活动的动力学如何与这些序列相相锁定，反映性能 和任务。两种旨在影响样品刺激的皮质加工的目的都将使用凝视稳定。如何 SDC的调节皮质区域与这些相互作用的动态之间的因果关系将 通过新的分析方法，频率提取的分层分解进行检查。