Noventa Millas: Migration history, genomic ancestry, and health disparities among Cuban immigrants and Cuban-Americans in the United States

诺文塔·米拉斯：移民历史、基因组血统以及古巴移民和在美国的古巴裔美国人之间的健康差异

• 批准号: 10679031
• 负责人: Margarita Hernandez
• 金额: $ 4.48万
• 依托单位: PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-15 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10679031
• 关键词: Acculturation; Address; Area; Asthma; Biological; Black Populations; Categories; Cause of Death; Cholesterol; Chronic Kidney Failure; Collection; Communities; Consumption; Country; Cuban; Cuban American; DNA; Data; Data Collection; Data Set; Diabetes Mellitus; Discrimination; Educational Status; End stage renal failure; Enrollment; Environmental Risk Factor; Ethnic Origin; Ethnic Population; Face; Family; Florida; Future; Generations; Genetic; Genome; Genomics; Genotype; Goals; Health; Health Insurance; Heart Diseases; Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos; Hispanic Populations; Hypertension; Immigrant; Immigration; Individual; Insurance Coverage; Interview; Kidney Diseases; Laboratories; Language; Latinx; Latinx population; Life Experience; Locales; Malignant Neoplasms; Mental Health; Methodology; Native-Born; Not Hispanic or Latino; Outcome; Participant; Pattern; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phase; Policy Maker; Population; Positioning Attribute; Postdoctoral Fellow; Process; Public Health; Race; Recording of previous events; Research; Research Project Grants; Scientist; Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Sleeplessness; Social Environment; Structure; Surveys; Testing; Training; United States; Variant; Work; cardiovascular health; career; epigenomics; ethnic discrimination; ethnic minority; experience; genomic data; health determinants; health disparity; interest; intersectionality; marginalized population; member; methylation pattern; migration; novel; perceived discrimination; physical conditioning; racial discrimination; skills; social; social culture; social factors; social health determinants; social stressor; sociocultural determinant; socioeconomics; stressor; tool

PROJECT SUMMARY As a growing U.S. ethnic minority, Latinx populations have traditionally been studied as a monolith, with the implicit assumption that individuals migrating from different countries have similar life experiences due to common language. Additionally, it has been well documented that Indigenous, Black, and Latinx populations face more adverse health outcomes relative to non-Hispanic whites in the United States. In order to address how health outcomes vary within Latinx groups, research efforts would benefit from focusing on understanding the variability of genomic ancestry and life experiences from first and second generation immigrants from a single country of origin. The purpose of this research project is to integrate traditionally separate methodological approaches to understanding health outcomes by comprehensively investigating the social, genotypic, and epigenomic determinants of health within one such heterogeneous immigrant ethnic group. In the F99 phase of this work, I will identify genotypic and sociocultural factors that are associated with variation in adverse health outcomes among individuals of Cuban descent living in Miami, Florida. This research work will be conducted in conjunction with the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), a multi- regional study investigating health outcomes across diverse groups of Hispanics in various locales within the U.S., with over 16,000 participants registered to date, including over 2,300 individuals of Cuban descent. This project has collected demographic, sociocultural, family history, health, and genotype data to understand health disparities within a large ethnic group in the United States. Additionally, I will be collecting novel genomic and sociocultural data, including data collection via a survey and semi-structured interview, for individuals of Cuban descent living in Miami, Florida in order to determine if discrimination factors into Latinx health disparities; these critical data are not available through HCHS/SOL. In the K00 phase of this work, I will work at the intersection of the social determinants of health and genomics through training and research within the field of epigenomics. Specifically, I am interested in investigating if there are differential patterns of methylation across the genome within and among Cuban immigration waves and if these patterns are associated with differential lived experiences. If we observe differences in methylation patterns, are they related to adverse health consequences in populations that differentially experience life stressors associated with varying sociocultural experiences, including experiences of discrimination? Over the course of my career I plan to continue working with Cuban immigrants and Cuban-Americans,in exploring the mechanisms by which the social determinants of health are embodied and expressed biologically. I envision pursuing a postdoctoral position that expands my current genomic skill set into epigenomics and continues to build upon my doctoral training examining health disparities and the mechanistic factors that may impact adverse health in marginalized populations through both existing data and primary data collection.

项目概要 作为一个不断壮大的美国少数民族，拉丁裔人口传统上被视为一个整体来研究， 隐含的假设是，来自不同国家的移民具有相似的生活经历，因为 共同语言。此外，有充分证据表明，原住民、黑人和拉丁裔人口 与美国的非西班牙裔白人相比，他们面临更不利的健康结果。为了解决如何 拉丁裔群体的健康结果各不相同，研究工作将受益于重点了解 来自单一群体的第一代和第二代移民的基因组祖先和生活经历的变异性 原产地。该研究项目的目的是整合传统上独立的方法论 通过全面调查社会、基因型和健康结果来了解健康结果的方法 在这样一个异质移民种族群体中，健康的表观基因组决定因素。 在这项工作的 F99 阶段，我将确定与变异相关的基因型和社会文化因素 居住在佛罗里达州迈阿密的古巴裔人士的不良健康结果。这项研究工作将 与西班牙裔社区健康研究/拉丁裔研究 (HCHS/SOL) 一起进行，这是一项多 区域研究调查了不同地区不同西班牙裔群体的健康状况 美国，迄今为止已有超过 16,000 名参与者注册，其中包括超过 2,300 名古巴裔人士。这 项目收集了人口、社会文化、家族史、健康和基因型数据，以了解健康状况 美国一个大种族群体内部的差异。此外，我将收集新的基因组和 社会文化数据，包括通过调查和半结构化访谈收集的古巴个人数据 居住在佛罗里达州迈阿密的后裔，以确定歧视是否会影响拉丁裔的健康差异；这些 无法通过 HCHS/SOL 获得关键数据。 在这项工作的 K00 阶段，我将研究健康的社会决定因素和基因组学的交叉点 通过表观基因组学领域的培训和研究。具体来说，我有兴趣调查是否存在 是古巴移民浪潮内部和之间基因组甲基化的差异模式，如果 这些模式与不同的生活经历相关。如果我们观察到甲基化的差异 模式，它们是否与经历不同生活的人群的不良健康后果有关 与不同社会文化经历（包括歧视经历）相关的压力源？超过 在我的职业生涯中，我计划继续与古巴移民和古巴裔美国人合作，探索 健康问题社会决定因素在生物学上体现和表达的机制。我设想 寻求博士后职位，将我目前的基因组技能扩展到表观基因组学，并继续 以我的博士培训为基础，研究健康差异和可能影响不利的机械因素 通过现有数据和原始数据收集来改善边缘化人群的健康状况。