Neighborhood characteristics and neurodevelopment: Risk and protective factors, and susceptibility to stressors and school disruption during the COVID-19 pandemic

社区特征和神经发育：COVID-19 大流行期间的风险和保护因素以及对压力源和学校干扰的易感性

• 批准号: 10668234
• 负责人: Daniel A Hackman
• 金额: $ 63.78万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-07-19 至 2027-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10668234
• 关键词: 10 year old; Achievement; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent Development; Age; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Buffers; COVID-19; COVID-19 impact; COVID-19 pandemic; Characteristics; Child; Child Development; Childhood; Cities; Collection; Communication; Communities; Country; Data; Data Collection; Data Set; Development; Disadvantaged; Disasters; Discipline; Disparity; Economic Burden; Education; Emotional; Emotions; Enrollment; Environment; Equity; Family; Fostering; Health; Health Promotion; Inequity; Intervention; Longevity; Longitudinal Studies; Measurement; Measures; Mental Health; Neighborhoods; Neurocognition; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Outcome; Parents; Participant; Pathway interactions; Personal Satisfaction; Phase; Policies; Population Study; Positioning Attribute; Predisposition; Prevention; Prevention strategy; Public Health; Quasi-experiment; Reporting; Research; Rest; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Schools; Site; Stress; Structure; Support System; System; Time; Variant; Youth; behavior change; burden of illness; cognitive development; cohort; community burden; contextual factors; design; educational atmosphere; emotion regulation; emotional functioning; executive function; experience; gray matter; health difference; health disparity; innovation; long-term sequelae; multimodality; neighborhood disadvantage; neurodevelopment; neuroimaging; outcome disparities; pandemic disease; physical conditioning; post-COVID-19; post-pandemic; pre-pandemic; protective factors; public education; public health intervention; resilience; school disruption; social determinants; stressor

Project Summary Neighborhoods are an important ecological context for child and adolescent development and a social determinant of physical health, mental health, and school achievement. Research has begun to elucidate the associations between neighborhood disadvantage and brain structure, function, and behavior in relation to executive function (EF) emotion regulation (ER), and emotional processing which may contribute to these short- and long- term differences in health and development. Nevertheless, there are no population-based studies that have examined the relation between neighborhood disadvantage, and changes in neighborhood disadvantage, with longitudinal changes in neurodevelopment to determine if differences widen, narrow, or remain stable during adolescence, a potential sensitive period. Moreover, there has been limited consideration of how associations may vary across the country, and thus if they are of widespread importance. In addition, neighborhood risk may increase vulnerability to major stressors and disruptions in schooling, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic. These COVID-19 related changes have disproportionately impacted disadvantaged communities and may exacerbate neighborhood-related differences in underlying neurodevelopmental systems. Finally, it is important to understand resilience, and the modifiable contextual factors that may protect against both neighborhood disadvantage and the impact of COVID-19. This proposal will use the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, an ongoing longitudinal study that is uniquely suited to address these questions. The ABCD Study enrolled a diverse cohort of 9-10-year-old children (n = 11,878) across 21 U.S. sites, contains multimodal measures of neurodevelopment for EF, ER, and emotional processing and rich measures of family, school, and neighborhood contexts, as well integrated rapid measurement of COVID-19 related impacts. This study will capitalize on the staggered timing of the pandemic onset in the ABCD cohort, which occurred between varying waves of data collection across participants. This creates a quasi-experimental design with the study separated into a pre-pandemic and post-pandemic onset phase. In the pre-pandemic phase, we will determine the association between neighborhood disadvantage, and neighborhood change, with longitudinal change in brain and behavioral development (Aim 1). Second, we will examine if the COVID-19 pandemic, and associated stressors and school disruptions, are associated with brain and behavior change, and exacerbate neighborhood related differences, with pre-pandemic measures serving as controls for post-COVID-19 measures. (Aim 2). Finally, we will elucidate the modifiable family, community and school factors that serve as moderators and foster resilience (Aim 3). This study will thus identify potential neurodevelopmental pathways related to neighborhood disadvantage and COVID-19, and identify modifiable contextual factors that are potential targets for policy and programmatic interventions to ameliorate disparities in health and well-being, and the disparate impact of COVID-19, while informing prevention strategies for subsequent pandemics or disasters.

项目摘要 社区是儿童和青少年发展的重要生态环境以及社会 身体健康，心理健康和学校成就的决定因素。研究已经开始阐明 邻里劣势与大脑结构，功能和行为之间的关联 执行功能（EF）情绪调节（ER）和情绪处理可能有助于这些短暂的 以及健康与发展方面的长期差异。然而，尚无基于人群的研究 已经检查了社区劣势与社区劣势变化之间的关系， 随着神经发育的纵向变化，以确定差异是否扩大，狭窄或保持稳定 青春期，潜在的敏感时期。此外，考虑到如何关联的考虑有限 可能在全国各地有所不同，因此，如果它们非常重要。此外，邻里风险可能 增加了对主要压力源的脆弱性和教育中的破坏，例如在19日期大流行期间。 这些共同的19个相关变化对处境不利的社区产生了不成比例的影响，可能 加剧基础神经发育系统中与邻里相关的差异。最后，这很重要 了解弹性以及可以防止两个社区的可修改上下文因素 劣势和COVID-19的影响。该建议将使用青春期的大脑和认知 开发（ABCD）研究，一项正在进行的纵向研究，非常适合解决这些问题。 ABCD研究在21个地点招收了多样化的9-10岁儿童（n = 11,878） EF，ER和情感处理的神经发育的多模式测量以及家庭的丰富度量， 学校和邻里环境以及相关影响的COVID-19的快速衡量。这 研究将利用发生在ABCD队列中大流行的交错时机 参与者之间的数据收集浪潮。这可以通过研究创建准实验设计 分为流行前和大流行阶段。在流行前阶段，我们将确定 邻里劣势与邻里变化之间的关联与纵向变化 大脑和行为发展（目标1）。其次，我们将检查COVID-19-19是否大流行和相关 压力源和学校中断，与大脑和行为改变有关，并加剧社区 相关的差异，流行前措施用作COVID后-19措施的对照。 （目标2）。 最后，我们将阐明可修改的家庭，社区和学校因素，这些家庭和学校因素是主持人并寄养 弹性（目标3）。因此，这项研究将确定与邻居有关的潜在神经发育途径 劣势和covid-19，并确定可修改的上下文因素，这些因素是政策的潜在目标和 缓解健康和福祉差异的程序性干预措施，以及 Covid-19，同时为随后的大流行或灾难提供了预防策略。