LIFE CYCLE EVENTS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND SCIENTIFIC IMPACT

生命周期事件、生产力和科学影响

• 批准号: 8907871
• 负责人: Pierre Azoulay
• 金额: $ 5.65万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至 2016-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8907871
• 关键词: 13 year old; 17 year old; Academy; Age; Aging; Algorithms; Area; Biological Sciences; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Child; Communication; Communities; Data; Data Set; Development; Dimensions; Economics; Environment; Event; Evolution; Faculty; Funding; Gender; Goals; Individual; Journals; Knowledge; Lead; Legal patent; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Location; Measures; Methods; Output; Paper; Pilot Projects; Play; Policies; Positioning Attribute; Process; Production; Productivity; Publications; Publishing; Relative (related person); Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Role; School-Age Population; Science; Scientist; Shapes; Societies; Software Tools; Sorting - Cell Movement; Technology; Time; United States National Institutes of Health; United States National Library of Medicine; Variant; Work; family structure; frontier; high school; improved; indexing; innovation; medical schools; novel; open source; peer; response; skills; social

Project #4 - Life Cycle Events, Productivity, and Scientific Impact The notion that intellectual productivity is typically high at younger ages but tapers off at later (but not necessarily late) ones is pervasive. One way in which scientific productivity may be impacted by aging is through changing constraints on scientific mobility that might allow researchers to better locate in environments that are more complementary to their changing skill set. Moreover, the production of science is distinct from its enduring impact, which may also be influenced by life cycle events. In this project, we employ modern developments in the economic study of innovation alongside novel econometric methods in order to examine the impact of life cycle events for an elite set of life scientists. Preliminary analysis reveals a large dip in moves when children enter high school followed by a significant climb after the youngest has graduated. Using data on this relationship, we will examine the impacts of moving on the publishing, funding, and patenting activity of elite scientists. Publication keywords and the breadth of journal citations will be used to examine whether moves (and the resulting change in colleagues) lead to changes in the direction of the elite scientist's research. Our analysis of enduring scientific impact will focus on the relationship between scientist death and the evolution of knowledge within scientific fields, with a particular focus on individual and scientific factors that shape this relationship. Can the untimely death of a scientist alter the trajectory of nascent fields or hasten the decline of mature ones? Can trainees, coauthors, and non-coauthor idea peers keep the flame alive and build upon a scientist's legacy, or is such a legacy mostly determined by characteristics of the scientist (e.g. his/her age, gender, etc.)? In the immortal words of Max Planck, does "science advance one funeral at a time" by creating space for new researchers to take the helm and drive the research agenda in yet unexplored directions? The overarching goal of this project is to deepen our understanding of knowledge production and the evolution of scientific fields within the life sciences as well as the potential policy levers that might influence this process.

项目 #4 - 生命周期事件、生产力和科学影响 智力生产力通常在年轻时很高，但在以后逐渐减弱（但并非如此）的观念 必然迟到）的情况很普遍。老龄化可能影响科学生产力的一种方式是 通过改变科学流动性的限制，可能使研究人员能够更好地定位 与他们不断变化的技能组合更具互补性的环境。此外，科学的生产 与其持久影响不同，持久影响也可能受到生命周期事件的影响。在这个项目中，我们 采用创新经济研究的现代发展以及新颖的计量经济学方法 为了研究生命周期事件对一群精英生命科学家的影响。初步分析表明 当孩子们进入高中时，移动量大幅下降，而在最小的孩子上学后，移动量显着上升 毕业了。利用这种关系的数据，我们将研究搬家对出版的影响， 精英科学家的资助和专利活动。出版物关键词和期刊引用的广度 将用于检查调动（以及由此产生的同事变化）是否会导致 精英科学家的研究方向。我们对持久科学影响的分析将集中于 科学家死亡与科学领域内知识演变之间的关系，特别是 关注塑造这种关系的个人和科学因素。科学家会英年早逝吗 改变新生领域的轨迹还是加速成熟领域的衰落？受训者、合著者和 非共同作者的想法同行使火焰保持活力并建立在科学家的遗产之上，或者主要是这样的遗产 由科学家的特征（例如他/她的年龄、性别等）决定？用马克思不朽的话来说 普朗克通过为新研究人员创造空间来进行葬礼，确实“科学一次推动一场葬礼” 掌舵并推动研究议程向尚未探索的方向发展？该项目的总体目标是 加深我们对知识生产和生活中科学领域演变的理解 科学以及可能影响这一进程的潜在政策杠杆。