Mapping Human Memory with Electrocorticography & Chronometric Stimulation

用皮层电图绘制人类记忆

基本信息

批准号：
8934204
负责人：
ARNE D EKSTROM
金额：
$ 18.06万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2014-09-30 至 2017-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this project is to determine whether low frequency oscillations serve as a mechanism for coordinating cortical areas underlying human episodic memory. To address this issue, we will first employ innovative multilobular electrocortigraphic (ECOG) recordings in patients to determine the sets of interconnected brain areas underlying episodic memory, which previous research and our preliminary work strongly suggest to include the medial temporal lobes, prefrontal cortex, and parietal cortex. We will then perturb areas of high connectivity (hubs) in the same patients using chronometric stimulation, which involves simultaneous recording and stimulation from two different brain regions. Chronometric stimulation is advantageous because it involves stimulation that mimics the frequency and amplitude of on-going recorded activity in another brain region, potentially mitigating unwanted spread of stimulation to other brain areas and at the same time providing insight into how neural communication might actually occur. We will employ two different stimulation methods with this approach, either in phase or out of phase stimulation with the on-going recorded oscillations in connecting hubs. This will allow us to determine whether 1) areas with high degrees of connectivity ("hubs") are necessary for episodic memory 2) whether in- phase, coherent oscillatory can enhance episodic memory retrieval 3) whether out-of- phase oscillations result in decrements in memory performance. Our approach here combines innovative tools, such as electrocorticography and chronometric stimulation in humans and analysis techniques involving graph theory. These in turn will allow us to advance our understanding of how and in what manner networks of brain regions interact as part of their role in episodic memory. This work is relevant to clinical research because it can provide insight into the extent to which other brain regions can compensate for lost function following stroke-related lesions to the medial temporal lobes, a known "hub" in episodic memory. It will also advance our understanding of potential ways to design and implement deep brain stimulators to treat cognitive impairments accompanying neural disease. For example, if the experiments outlined here are successful, they would imply that devices that time stimulation to be in-phase with distant recorded oscillatory activity could restore or even enhance impaired memory function in patients suffering from neural disease.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目的目标是确定低频振荡是否可以作为协调人类情景记忆的皮层区域的机制。为了解决这个问题，我们将首先在患者身上采用创新的多小叶皮层电图（ECOG）记录来确定情景记忆背后相互关联的大脑区域组，之前的研究和我们的初步工作强烈建议包括内侧颞叶、前额叶皮层和顶叶皮质。然后，我们将使用计时刺激来扰乱同一患者的高连通性区域（中枢），这涉及来自两个不同大脑区域的同时记录和刺激。计时刺激是有利的，因为它涉及模拟另一个大脑区域持续记录的活动的频率和幅度的刺激，有可能减轻刺激向其他大脑区域的不必要的传播，同时提供对神经交流实际上如何发生的洞察。我们将通过这种方法采用两种不同的刺激方法，即同相或异相刺激以及连接集线器中持续记录的振荡。这将使我们能够确定：1）具有高度连通性的区域（“枢纽”）是否是情景记忆所必需的；2）同相、相干振荡是否可以增强情景记忆检索；3）异相振荡是否会导致情景记忆检索。内存性能下降。我们的方法结合了创新工具，例如人体皮质电图和计时刺激以及涉及图论的分析技术。这些反过来将使我们能够加深对大脑区域网络如何以及以何种方式相互作用作为其在情景记忆中的作用的一部分的理解。这项工作与临床研究相关，因为它可以深入了解其他大脑区域在多大程度上可以补偿中风相关的内侧颞叶（情景记忆中已知的“枢纽”）损伤后丧失的功能。它还将增进我们对设计和实施深部脑刺激器以治疗神经疾病伴随的认知障碍的潜在方法的理解。例如，如果这里概述的实验成功，则意味着将刺激时间与远程记录的振荡活动同相的装置可以恢复甚至增强患有神经疾病的患者受损的记忆功能。