Defining the microbiota's response to and influence on the evolution of Drosophila melanogaster

定义微生物群对果蝇进化的反应和影响

• 批准号: 10515040
• 负责人: Parvin Shahrestani
• 金额: $ 41.27万
• 依托单位: CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY FULLERTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-07-11 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10515040
• 关键词: Acetic Acids; Acetobacter; Address; Adopted; Affect; Animal Model; Animals; Bacteria; Biology; Data Collection; Development; Drosophila genus; Drosophila melanogaster; Environment; Etiology; Evolution; Experimental Designs; Food Preservation; Generations; Genetic; Genotype; Gnotobiotic; Goals; Health; Healthcare; Human; Laboratories; Lead; Measures; Natural Selections; Outcome; Physiological; Population; Process; Research; Research Support; Resistance; Role; Shapes; Students; System; Testing; Time; Variant; Wolbachia; Work; direct application; disorder risk; endosymbiont; experience; experimental study; food security; graduate student; gut microbes; host microbiota; innovation; lactic acid bacteria; microbial; microbial community; microbiota; microorganism; novel strategies; pressure; reproductive tract; response; training opportunity; trait; undergraduate research experience; undergraduate student

Understanding the mechanisms of fast adaptive evolution has direct applications to healthcare. But there remains a major gap in the field: associated microorganisms (‘microbiota’), a key potential contributor to animal adaptive evolution are often entirely ignored in evolution studies. The continued existence of this gap is problematic because microbiota can directly affect host health-related traits. Indeed, many animal traits that can evolve in response to laboratory selection can also be influenced by the microbiota. Moreover, when populations undergo laboratory selection for divergence in health-related traits, they also become differentiated in their microbiota. The long-term goal of this project is to define the role of microorganisms in animal evolution. The overall objective is to explain how animals select on their microbiota during evolution and how variation or constancy in the microbiota affects animal evolution. Our central hypothesis is that microbiota affect and are affected by animal evolution. This hypothesis is supported by our preliminary results using a system of experimentally-evolved Drosophila melanogaster (laboratory fruit fly) populations. Thus, the rationale for the proposed project is that we have a demonstrably high-powered and unique system in which we can answer questions about causation when determining the role of microbiota in host evolution. We will achieve our overall objective through two specific aims. Preliminary results show that populations of D. melanogaster selected for fast development have higher abundance of gut microbes but are nearly devoid of the endosymbiont Wolbachia compared to controls; in Aim 1.1 we hypothesize that host genetic control of Wolbachia is under strong and constant selection in these populations. In Aim 1.2 we will determine whether the evolution in host traits drives the changes to the microbiota, or vice versa in a laboratory selection experiment. Aims 2.1 and 2.2 will also use the laboratory selection approach to test if bacterial functions can affect selection pressures acting on hosts, and to what extent variation or constancy of the microbiota affect host rate of evolution. Our approach is innovative because it evolves an animal under bacteria-controlled conditions and extends correlation to causation. The significance of this project is that it will explain how host evolution impacts and depends on the microbiota and determine to what extent microbiota can influence selection pressures experienced by hosts. This project will support research opportunities for undergraduate and Master’s students.

了解快速适应性进化的机制可以直接应用于医疗保健。 仍然是该领域的一个主要空白：相关微生物（“微生物群”）是 在进化研究中，动物的适应性进化常常被完全忽视。这种差距的持续存在是存在的。 这是有问题的，因为微生物群可以直接影响宿主的健康相关特征，事实上，许多动物特征。 可以根据实验室选择而进化，也可以受到微生物群的影响。 人群因健康相关特征的差异而接受实验室选择，他们也变得 该项目的长期目标是确定微生物的作用。 动物进化的总体目标是解释动物在进化过程中如何选择微生物群。 进化以及微生物群的变化或恒定性如何影响动物进化。 微生物群影响动物进化并受到动物进化的影响，这一假设得到了我们初步的支持。 使用实验进化的果蝇（实验室果蝇）种群系统得出的结果。 因此，拟议项目的基本原理是我们拥有一个明显强大且独特的系统 在确定微生物群在宿主进化中的作用时，我们可以回答有关因果关系的问题。 我们将通过两个具体目标来实现我们的总体目标。初步结果表明， 选择快速发育的黑腹果蝇具有更高丰度的肠道微生物，但几乎没有 内共生体沃尔巴克氏体与对照相比；在目标 1.1 中，我们追求宿主遗传控制 在目标 1.2 中，我们将确定沃尔巴克氏体是否受到强烈且持续的选择。 在实验室选择中，宿主性状的进化会驱动微生物群的变化，反之亦然 实验目标 2.1 和 2.2 还将使用实验室选择方法来测试细菌功能是否可以。 影响作用于宿主的选择压力，以及微生物群的变化或恒定性影响的程度 我们的方法是创新的，因为它是在细菌控制下进化动物的。 该项目的意义在于它将解释如何做到这一点。 宿主进化影响并取决于微生物群，并确定微生物群可以影响的程度 该项目将为本科生提供研究机会。 和硕士生。