Language outcomes, mechanisms, and trajectories in adults with and without Developmental Language Disorder

有或没有发展性语言障碍的成年人的语言结果、机制和轨迹

基本信息

批准号：
10643988
负责人：
Kristi Hendrickson
金额：
$ 57.37万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2022-09-01 至 2027-08-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10643988
关键词：
Address Adolescence Adult Advocate Affect Applied Research Area Bayesian Analysis Child Childhood Client Clinical Cognitive Communication Complex Comprehension Data Set Development Disease Evolution Family Goals Growth Income Individual Differences Intervention Iowa Knowledge Language Language Development Disorders Language Disorders Learning Linguistics Link Longevity Longitudinal Studies Measures Mediating Mental Depression Modality Modeling National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Neurodevelopmental Disorder Outcome Outcome Measure Participant Performance at work Personal Satisfaction Population Prevalence Prevention Process Production Protocols documentation Research Research Personnel Secondary Schools Service delivery model Service provision Short-Term Memory Speech Speed Testing Time Unemployment Variant Visual Work Workplace Youth cohort density improved information processing kindergarten language comprehension language outcome language processing lexical longitudinal dataset peer processing speed recruit skills syntax tenth grade theories trait visual tracking

项目摘要

ABSTRACT Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) is characterized by difficulties in the ability to learn and use language and is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders (prevalence 7-12%1,2). Though problems emerge in childhood, DLD continues into adulthood3-6 and has profoundly negative effects. Adults with DLD are less likely to seek post-secondary education7-9, may have extended bouts of unemployment9, and have higher rates of depression10. Yet, DLD in adulthood is severely under-researched. An understanding of the language profile is crucial as language abilities in adulthood impact well-being, income, and job performance11. Additionally, there is a clear need to better understand the mechanisms that mediate language abilities in adults with and without DLD. Doing so will help explain theories of DLD12-15 (speed of processing and working memory accounts) and expose a wider range of individual differences in language ability. Examining competition – the activation of competing linguistic representations as speech unfolds – is an ideal approach to exploring these mechanisms. Competition is a fundamental component of language, is well-documented in typical adults16-19, and critically, distinct aspects of competition can be linked to each theoretical account20,21. Our overall objective is to characterize the long-term outcomes of DLD in adulthood (Aim 1) and to identify specific cognitive mechanisms mediating these outcomes (Aim 2). To address our objectives, we utilize a large, pre-existing dataset and participant pool from one of the most comprehensive examinations of DLD to date: the Iowa Longitudinal Study22. We will re-recruit subjects with DLD (n=150) and with typical language (TL; n=250) from this historic cohort, who are now adults (30–34 years old). In Aim 1, we leverage retrospective language measures from kindergarten through 10th grade and collect new outcome measures in adulthood to characterize the long-term outcomes of DLD. We predict that adults with DLD will diverge from adults with TL in language skills that are more complex and higher-level language skills that are important for communication in the workplace11. Further, we predict a fanning effect: some children with DLD will “catch up” to their TL peers in adulthood, some will show evidence of a decline, and others will show stable trajectories. In Aim 2, we measure real-time competition across language modality and level using eye-tracking in the Visual World Paradigm23. According to speed of processing accounts15,20, adults with DLD may be slower than their TL peers to activate competitors and targets. According to working memory accounts21,24, adults with DLD will show sustained competitor activation. Further, we predict that measures related to the dynamics of competition (speed of activation and timing of competitor suppression) will account for variation in language outcomes in adults across the ability spectrum. The proposed work would represent the largest and most comprehensive characterization of language abilities in adults with (and without) DLD to date, inform theories of DLD and general theories of language processing, and provide foundational knowledge toward clinical models of prevention and long-term intervention for adults with DLD.

抽象的发展性语言障碍 (DLD) 的特点是学习和使用语言的能力存在困难是最常见的神经发育障碍之一（患病率 7-12%1,2）。在童年时期，DLD 会持续到成年期3-6，并且对成年人产生严重的负面影响的可能性较小。寻求高等教育7-9，可能会经历长期失业9，并且失业率较高然而，对成年期 DLD 的研究还严重不足。至关重要，因为成年后的语言能力会影响福祉、收入和工作表现11。显然需要更好地了解调节成年人语言能力的机制这样做将有助于解释 DLD12-15（处理速度和工作记忆帐户）和揭示更广泛的语言能力个体差异——检验竞争的激活。随着语音的展开，相互竞争的语言表征是探索这些机制的理想方法。竞争是语言的一个基本组成部分，在 16-19 岁的典型成年人中已有充分记录，而且至关重要的是，竞争的不同方面可以与每个理论帐户联系起来20,21。描述成年期 DLD 的长期结果（目标 1）并确定特定的认知机制调解这些结果（目标 2）。参与者池来自迄今为止最全面的 DLD 检查之一：爱荷华州纵向研究22。我们将从这个历史队列中重新招募患有 DLD（n=150）和具有典型语言（TL；n=250）的受试者，他们现在是成年人（30-34 岁）。在目标 1 中，我们利用幼儿园的回顾性语言措施。到十年级，并在成年期收集新的结果衡量标准，以描述长期结果我们预测，患有 DLD 的成年人与 TL 的成年人在语言技能上存在差异，后者更为复杂。此外，我们预测对工作场所沟通很重要的高级语言技能11。扇形效应：一些患有 DLD 的儿童在成年后会“赶上”他们的 TL 同龄人，一些会表现出在目标 2 中，我们衡量跨语言的实时竞争。根据处理速度，在视觉世界范式中使用眼动追踪的模式和级别。据报告15,20，患有DLD的成年人在激活竞争对手和目标方面可能比TL同龄人慢。根据工作记忆账户21,24，患有 DLD 的成年人将表现出持续的竞争者激活。更远，我们预测与竞争动态相关的衡量标准（激活速度和抑制竞争对手的时机）拟议的工作将解释不同能力范围内成年人语言结果的差异。对有（和没有）成年人语言能力的最大和最全面的表征迄今为止的 DLD，为 DLD 理论和语言处理的一般理论提供了信息，并提供了基础成人 DLD 预防和长期干预临床模型的知识。