Historic Violence and Contemporary Racial Disparities in Birth Outcomes

历史暴力和当代出生结果的种族差异

• 批准号: 10322070
• 负责人: Amy Kate Bailey
• 金额: $ 19.47万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2023-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10322070
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Alabama; American; Arkansas; Attitude; Biological; Birth; Censuses; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Characteristics; Child; Chronic; Climate; Communities; Community Surveys; Conflict (Psychology); Country; County; Data; Demographic Factors; Disadvantaged; Economics; Epigenetic Process; Equipment and supply inventories; Fetal Death; Florida; Health; Health Status; Incidence; Individual; Industrialization; Inequality; Infant Mortality; Inherited; Kentucky; Knowledge; Life; Link; Louisiana; Low Birth Weight Infant; Maternal and Child Health; Measures; Mission; Mississippi; Mothers; North Carolina; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Perinatal; Persons; Play; Political Factor; Population; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Premature Birth; Prevalence; Process; Public Health; Race; Recording of previous events; Records; Research; Rest; Role; Scholarship; Shapes; Social Environment; Socioeconomic Factors; South Carolina; Stigmatization; Stress; Structure; Tennessee; Time; Trauma; United States; United States National Center for Health Statistics; United States National Institutes of Health; Ursidae Family; Variant; Violence; Virginia; Weather; Woman; Work; alertness; base; black women; community-level factor; expectation; experience; fetal; health disparity; imprint; improved; infant death; infant outcome; innovation; interest; perceived discrimination; racial disparity; racism; residence; response; secondary analysis; social; social inequality; social stigma; social structure; sociodemographics; trait; vigilance; women of color

Abstract Racism and racist structures shape the social environment for all Americans, although the durable imprint of place on health and health disparities remains underexamined. Racial disparities and spatial variation in health outcomes are only partially explained by contemporary socioeconomic, political, and demographic factors, and a growing chorus of scholarship suggests that historical antecedents may play an important role. Extant research documents relationships between historical mob violence and indicators of the contemporary racial climate, and between experiences of racism and local racial attitudes and pregnancy outcomes. This project will interrogate how county-level variation in historic violence may be directly and systematically linked to local prevalence of and racial disparities in a variety of pregnancy outcomes (infant mortality, fetal death, pre-term birth, and low birth weight). We will also examine how historic patterns of mob violence may shape spatial variation in the pace of improvement in these metrics. We expect to find that women living in counties with a greater incidence and intensity of historical mob violence will experience worse pregnancy outcomes overall, and larger race-based disparities. We also anticipate finding slower improvement of these critical health metrics in places with more violent histories. We will utilize data on the incidence of different forms of mob violence (Beck and Tolnay 2015, Beck 2018) in counties across eleven southern states between 1882 and 1950 to identify the number of threatened, averted, and completed lynchings that took place there. We will merge these data with contemporary information from the restricted access CDC National Center for Health Statistics’ Natality, Fetal Death, and linked Birth-Infant Mortality files (Natality Files). We will attempt to isolate the effects of mob violence by incorporating aggregated county-level data from historic census records for factors known to have predicted lynchings, and contemporary community characteristics, as identified in the American Community Survey and population census, that are associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. We hypothesize that the historical experience of violent community conflict will have a durable effect on the health outcomes for women living in those places today, and black women living in those communities with bear a disproportionate health burden. If persistent social inequality and structural racial violence are also associated with historic local experiences of mob violence, we may also witness a slower improvement in rates of IM, FD, PTB and LBW, either among all women or concentrated among black women. With this project, we seek evidence from analyses of secondary data as a first step towards identifying biological mechanisms that would support these hypotheses.

抽象的 种族主义和种族主义结构塑造了所有美国人的社会环境，尽管 健康方面的地位和健康差异仍未得到充分研究。 结果只能部分地由当代社会经济、政治和人口因素解释，并且 越来越多的学者一致认为，现有的研究可能发挥着重要作用。 记录历史暴民暴力与当代种族气候指标之间的关系，以及 该项目将探讨种族主义经历和当地种族态度与怀孕结果之间的关系。 历史暴力的县级差异如何与当地暴力流行率直接、系统地联系起来 以及各种妊娠结局中的种族差异（婴儿死亡率、胎儿死亡、早产和低产率） 我们还将研究群体暴力的历史模式如何影响速度的空间变化。 我们期望发现生活在发病率较高的县的女性。 历史上暴民暴力的强度将导致总体妊娠结局更差，并且基于种族的影响更大 我们还预计，在存在更多差异的地方，这些关键健康指标的改善速度会较慢。 我们将利用有关不同形式暴民暴力发生率的数据（Beck 和 Tolnay 2015， Beck 2018）在 1882 年至 1950 年间对南部 11 个州的县进行了调查，以确定 那里发生的威胁、避免和完成的私刑我们将把这些数据与当代数据合并起来。 来自受限访问 CDC 国家卫生统计中心的出生率、胎儿死亡以及链接的信息 出生-婴儿死亡率文件（出生率文件）我们将尝试通过纳入暴民暴力的影响。 从历史人口普查记录中汇总县级数据，了解已知预测私刑的因素，以及 美国社区调查和人口中确定的当代社区特征 人口普查表明，这与不良妊娠结局有关。 暴力社区冲突将对生活在这些地方的妇女的健康结果产生持久影响 今天，生活在这些社区的黑人妇女承受着不成比例的健康负担（如果持续的话）。 社会不平等和结构性种族暴力也与当地历史上暴民暴力的经历有关， 我们还可能见证 IM、FD、PTB 和 LBW 发生率改善缓慢，无论是在所有女性中还是在 通过这个项目，我们从二手数据分析中寻找证据作为证据。 确定支持这些假设的生物机制的第一步。