Impacts of Recreational Marijuana Legalization and Retail Outlets in Washington: Unique Perspectives from Survey and County Mortality Data

华盛顿休闲大麻合法化和零售店的影响：调查和县死亡率数据的独特视角

• 批准号: 10402258
• 负责人: William C Kerr
• 金额: $ 49.3万
• 依托单位: PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-07-01 至 2024-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10402258
• 关键词: ATOD; Address; Age; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Amphetamines; Area; Attitude; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Characteristics; Cocaine; Code; Country; County; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data; Disadvantaged; Disease; Force of Gravity; Frequencies; Funding; Gender; Geographic state; Health; Health Status; Health behavior; Heroin; Homicide; Individual; Ingestion; Injury; Legal; Legal Status; Life Cycle Stages; Link; Location; Marijuana; Measures; Medical Marijuana; Methamphetamine; Methods; Modeling; Motor Vehicles; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; Oils; Opioid; Opioid Analgesics; Outcome; Pattern; Perception; Persons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Poisoning; Police; Policies; Policy Analysis; Prevalence; Price; Privatization; Quality of life; Regulation; Research; Research Priority; Respondent; Risk; Sales; Sampling; Series; Smoke; Social Problems; Source; Statutes and Laws; Suicide; Surveys; Taxation; Taxes; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco use; Variant; Voting; Washington; Waxes; Weight; age group; alcohol related problem; alcohol research; alcohol use disorder; base; behavioral outcome; density; distilled alcoholic beverage; driving under influence; experience; follow-up; innovation; longitudinal analysis; marijuana legalization; marijuana use; marijuana use disorder; member; mortality; population survey; public health relevance; rurality; substance use; vapor

ABSTRACT Marijuana policy analysis has taken on new urgency with widespread medical marijuana legislation and, more recently, recreational legalization in an increasing number of states. The state of Washington voted to legalize recreational marijuana in November of 2012, however, time was allowed to implement a regulatory framework and retail stores did not open until July of 2014. Our team at the Alcohol Research Group was funded by NIAAA to conduct a series of six cross-sectional representative surveys of Washington during 2014, 2015 and 2016 with longitudinal follow-ups of selected respondents. While the focus of these surveys was alcohol use and purchasing in relation to the privatization of the state liquor monopoly, a section on marijuana use behaviors, purchasing, attitudes and problems was also included. We now propose to utilize these surveys to investigate effects of recreational legalization and local policy implementation, linking data on marijuana store locations and other area measures at the time of each survey wave with respondent addresses and ZIP-codes. The pattern of store openings occurred gradually during our survey period, going from 0 at Wave 1, 120 at Wave 3 and 311 at Wave 6. Planned analyses consider a range of important topics including: estimation of market size and the proportion captured by legal retail; risks for a variety of marijuana-related outcomes; relationships between an individual’s marijuana, alcohol and tobacco use over time; and area-level analyses on associations of outlet locations and retail characteristics with marijuana use and problems. Detailed measures of use behaviors include frequency, amount, intensity, ingestion method and context of use, as well as use with alcohol, tobacco, and/or other drugs. Importantly, panel analyses will estimate the effects of changing gravity access measures based on driving time to the nearest store locations on use and problem measures within individuals over time. Building on our prior studies of problems associated with simultaneous co-use of alcohol and marijuana, the proposed study will consider impacts of marijuana legalization on the use and co-use of marijuana with alcohol, tobacco and other drugs, as well as resulting problems. Innovative measures of the legal and illicit purchasing behaviors include products, amounts, prices, frequencies and sources. Our analyses will utilize these measures to estimate the size of Washington’s marijuana market in grams and dollars and track the shift towards legal retail sales. Analyses of legalization and store opening impacts will also include potentially marijuana-related injury mortality rates for all Washington counties from 2008 to 2018. Gender- and age-specific estimates will be used to evaluate impacts of county retail availability, outlet clustering and sales. This project will provide a wealth of new information relevant to impacts of legalization and local marijuana regulation, as well as inter-relationships between marijuana and other substance use problems over time. This information will be of great relevance to policymakers, who are increasingly faced with the task of formulating federal, state and local policy approaches to marijuana.

抽象的 大麻政策分析已经采取了新的紧迫性，并具有宽敞的医用大麻立法，更多 最近，越来越多的州的娱乐合法化。华盛顿州投票使合法化 但是，2012年11月的休闲大麻，允许时间实施监管框架 零售店直到2014年7月才开业。我们的酒精研究小组的团队由NIAAA资助 在2014年，2015年和2016年进行一系列华盛顿的六项横断面代表调查 选定受访者的纵向随访。这些调查的重点是使用酒精和 购买有关国家液体垄断的隐私，一节关于大麻使用行为的部分， 还包括购买，吸引和问题。我们现在建议利用这些调查进行调查 娱乐合法化和当地政策实施的影响，将大麻商店位置的数据链接起来 每个调查浪潮时的其他区域测量都带有响应地址和邮政编码。模式 商店开口逐渐发生在我们的调查期间，从第1波第1浪，第3浪和311 第6波。计划的分析考虑了一系列重要主题，包括：估计市场规模和 法律零售捕获的比例；有各种大麻相关结果的风险；一个 随着时间的流逝，个人的大麻，酒精和烟草使用；以及针对出口关联的区域级分析 大麻使用和问题的位置和零售特征。使用行为的详细措施包括 频率，数量，强度，摄入方法和使用的上下文，以及与酒精，烟草和/或一起使用 其他药物。重要的是，面板分析将估计基于重力访问措施的影响 随着时间的流逝，开车前往最近的商店中的使用时间和个人内部的问题措施。建筑 关于我们对与酒精和大麻简单共同使用有关的问题的先前研究，提议 研究将考虑大麻合法化对大麻与酒精，烟草的使用和共同使用的影响 和其他药物以及导致的问题。法律和非法采购行为的创新措施 包括产品，金额，价格，频率和来源。我们的分析将利用这些措施来估计 华盛顿大麻市场的规模和美元，并追踪向合法零售销售的转变。 合法化和商店开放影响的分析还将包括潜在的大麻相关伤害死亡率 2008年至2018年华盛顿县的所有费率。性别和年龄特定的估计将用于评估 县零售可用性，出口聚类和销售的影响。该项目将提供大量新的 与合法化和当地大麻法规的影响以及相互关系有关的信息 随着时间的流逝，大麻和其他物质之间使用问题。这些信息将与 政策制定者越来越面临制定联邦，州和地方政策方法的任务 到大麻。