Impacts of Recreational Marijuana Legalization and Retail Outlets in Washington: Unique Perspectives from Survey and County Mortality Data

华盛顿休闲大麻合法化和零售店的影响：调查和县死亡率数据的独特视角

• 批准号: 10402258
• 负责人: William C Kerr
• 金额: $ 49.3万
• 依托单位: PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-07-01 至 2024-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10402258
• 关键词: ATOD; Address; Age; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Amphetamines; Area; Attitude; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Characteristics; Cocaine; Code; Country; County; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data; Disadvantaged; Disease; Force of Gravity; Frequencies; Funding; Gender; Geographic state; Health; Health Status; Health behavior; Heroin; Homicide; Individual; Ingestion; Injury; Legal; Legal Status; Life Cycle Stages; Link; Location; Marijuana; Measures; Medical Marijuana; Methamphetamine; Methods; Modeling; Motor Vehicles; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; Oils; Opioid; Opioid Analgesics; Outcome; Pattern; Perception; Persons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Poisoning; Police; Policies; Policy Analysis; Prevalence; Price; Privatization; Quality of life; Regulation; Research; Research Priority; Respondent; Risk; Sales; Sampling; Series; Smoke; Social Problems; Source; Statutes and Laws; Suicide; Surveys; Taxation; Taxes; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco use; Variant; Voting; Washington; Waxes; Weight; age group; alcohol related problem; alcohol research; alcohol use disorder; base; behavioral outcome; density; distilled alcoholic beverage; driving under influence; experience; follow-up; innovation; longitudinal analysis; marijuana legalization; marijuana use; marijuana use disorder; member; mortality; population survey; public health relevance; rurality; substance use; vapor

ABSTRACT Marijuana policy analysis has taken on new urgency with widespread medical marijuana legislation and, more recently, recreational legalization in an increasing number of states. The state of Washington voted to legalize recreational marijuana in November of 2012, however, time was allowed to implement a regulatory framework and retail stores did not open until July of 2014. Our team at the Alcohol Research Group was funded by NIAAA to conduct a series of six cross-sectional representative surveys of Washington during 2014, 2015 and 2016 with longitudinal follow-ups of selected respondents. While the focus of these surveys was alcohol use and purchasing in relation to the privatization of the state liquor monopoly, a section on marijuana use behaviors, purchasing, attitudes and problems was also included. We now propose to utilize these surveys to investigate effects of recreational legalization and local policy implementation, linking data on marijuana store locations and other area measures at the time of each survey wave with respondent addresses and ZIP-codes. The pattern of store openings occurred gradually during our survey period, going from 0 at Wave 1, 120 at Wave 3 and 311 at Wave 6. Planned analyses consider a range of important topics including: estimation of market size and the proportion captured by legal retail; risks for a variety of marijuana-related outcomes; relationships between an individual’s marijuana, alcohol and tobacco use over time; and area-level analyses on associations of outlet locations and retail characteristics with marijuana use and problems. Detailed measures of use behaviors include frequency, amount, intensity, ingestion method and context of use, as well as use with alcohol, tobacco, and/or other drugs. Importantly, panel analyses will estimate the effects of changing gravity access measures based on driving time to the nearest store locations on use and problem measures within individuals over time. Building on our prior studies of problems associated with simultaneous co-use of alcohol and marijuana, the proposed study will consider impacts of marijuana legalization on the use and co-use of marijuana with alcohol, tobacco and other drugs, as well as resulting problems. Innovative measures of the legal and illicit purchasing behaviors include products, amounts, prices, frequencies and sources. Our analyses will utilize these measures to estimate the size of Washington’s marijuana market in grams and dollars and track the shift towards legal retail sales. Analyses of legalization and store opening impacts will also include potentially marijuana-related injury mortality rates for all Washington counties from 2008 to 2018. Gender- and age-specific estimates will be used to evaluate impacts of county retail availability, outlet clustering and sales. This project will provide a wealth of new information relevant to impacts of legalization and local marijuana regulation, as well as inter-relationships between marijuana and other substance use problems over time. This information will be of great relevance to policymakers, who are increasingly faced with the task of formulating federal, state and local policy approaches to marijuana.

抽象的 随着医用大麻立法的广泛应用，大麻政策分析变得更加紧迫 最近，越来越多的州将娱乐活动合法化。 2012 年 11 月批准娱乐性大麻，但有时间实施监管框架 零售店直到 2014 年 7 月才开业。我们酒精研究小组的团队由 NIAAA 资助 2014 年、2015 年和 2016 年期间对华盛顿进行一系列六次代表性调查 对选定受访者的纵向随访虽然这些调查的重点是饮酒和饮酒。 与国家酒类垄断私有化有关的采购，关于大麻使用行为的一节， 我们现在建议利用这些调查进行调查。 合法娱乐和地方政策实施的影响，将大麻商店位置的数据与 每次调查时的其他区域测量值以及受访者地址和邮政编码的模式。 在我们的调查期间，商店开张数量逐渐增加，从第 1 波的 0 家、第 3 波的 120 家到第 3 波的 311 家。 第 6 波。计划分析考虑一系列重要主题，包括：市场规模的估计和 合法零售所占的比例；各种大麻相关结果的风险； 个人随时间的大麻、酒精和烟草使用情况以及对出口关联的区域分析； 大麻使用和问题的地点和零售特征包括使用行为的详细衡量标准。 频率、数量、强度、摄入方法和使用环境，以及与酒精、烟草和/或 其他重要的是，小组药物分析将根据以下因素估计改变重力访问措施的影响。 随着时间的推移，开车到最近的商店位置的时间以及个人内部的问题措施。 根据我们之前对同时使用酒精和大麻相关问题的研究，拟议的 研究将考虑大麻合法化对大麻与酒精、烟草的使用和共同使用的影响 和其他药品，以及由此产生的合法和非法购买行为的创新措施。 包括产品、数量、价格、频率和来源。我们的分析将利用这些措施来估计。 华盛顿大麻市场的规模（以克和美元为单位），并跟踪向合法零售的转变。 对合法化和商店开业影响的分析还将包括潜在的大麻相关伤害死亡率 2008 年至 2018 年华盛顿州所有县的比率。将使用特定性别和年龄的估计值来评估 该项目将提供大量新的影响。 与合法化和当地大麻监管的影响以及相互关系相关的信息 随着时间的推移，大麻和其他物质使用问题之间的关系将非常重要。 政策制定者越来越面临着制定联邦、州和地方政策方法的任务 大麻。