Role of top-down feedback in visual perception

自上而下反馈在视觉感知中的作用

• 批准号: 10230433
• 负责人: Lauri Nurminen
• 金额: $ 8.69万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF UTAH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-30 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10230433
• 关键词: Administrative Supplement; Affect; Area; Attention; Axon; Biological Models; Brain; COVID-19; Callithrix; Disease; Electrophysiology (science); Feedback; Foundations; Genetic Engineering; Goals; Health Benefit; Methods; Monkeys; Neurologic; Neurosciences; Perception; Positioning Attribute; Primates; Property; Psychophysics; Public Health; Research; Role; Schizophrenia; Testing; Training; Transgenes; Travel; V1 neuron; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Perception; area V2; area striata; autism spectrum disorder; awake; career; expectation; genome editing; insight; optogenetics; receptive field; relating to nervous system; response; skills; success; tool; transmission process; visual information; visual processing

PROJECT SUMMARY Visual information travels along feedforward connections from the primary visual cortex (V1) through a hierarchy of cortical areas. In turn, the visual cortex receives a dense network of feedback (FB) connections from higher order cortical areas. FB connections have been implicated in several forms of top-down influences, such as attention, expectation, and context dependent visual processing, but the specific contributions of FB connections to visual perception have remained mysterious. The goal of this proposal is to uncover how FB from the second visual cortical area (V2) to primary visual cortex (V1) affects visual perception and neural response properties of V1 neurons in primates. This goal will be achieved by targeting optogenetic inactivation to the axons of FB connections in awake behaving marmosets performing visual tasks. Candidate’s previous studies in anesthetized marmosets have shown that V2 FB affects receptive field (RF) size, surround suppression and response gain of V1 neurons. To test how these neural level effects manifest in perception, FB connections projecting from V2 to V1 will be optogenetically inactivated in awake marmoset monkeys performing visual tasks. The proposed project builds directly upon the candidate’s existing training in optogenetics, electrophysiology and psychophysics, but provides significant new training in using awake behaving marmosets. Advances in genome editing tools and success in transgene germline transmission in marmosets have positioned the marmoset as an important model system for neuroscience. Therefore, new training in awake behaving marmoset research will provide a strong foundation for transitioning to independence, a skill set that will position the candidate ahead of the competition in the use of genetically engineered marmosets in neuroscience. The purpose of this administrative supplement is to offset at least some of the negative effects caused to this project and the awardee’s career by COVID-19.

项目摘要 视觉信息通过层次结构从主要视觉皮层（V1）沿前馈连接传播 皮质区域。反过来，Visual Cortex从更高的 订购皮质区域。 FB连接已以多种形式的自上而下影响实现，例如 注意，期望和上下文依赖视觉处理，但是FB连接的具体贡献 视觉感知仍然是神秘的。该提议的目的是揭示第二个提案的FB 视觉皮质区域（V2）至一级视觉皮层（V1）影响视觉感知和神经反应特性 初级的V1神经元。通过将光遗传学灭活靶向FB的轴突，将实现此目标 醒着的行为摩尔果行动的连接执行视觉任务。候选人先前的研究 麻醉的摩尔果会表明，V2 FB会影响接受场（RF）大小，周围抑制和 V1神经元的响应增益。为了测试这些神经元水平效应如何在感知中表现出来 从V2到V1的投射将在执行视觉任务的清醒Marmoset猴子中被杀活。 拟议的项目直接建立在候选人在光遗传学，电生理学和 心理物理学，但在使用醒着的表演果果中提供了重大的新培训。基因组的进步 编辑工具和在Marmosets中翻译种系传输方面的成功已将Marmoset定位为 神经科学的重要模型系统。因此，在醒着的摩尔马塞特研究中的新培训将 为过渡到独立性提供了强大的基础，该技能将使候选人提前定位 在神经科学中使用一般工程的果果的竞争。这个目的 行政补充是至少抵消对该项目造成的一些负面影响 Covid-19的获奖者职业生涯。