Dose Reduction in Pediatric Molecular Imaging

儿科分子成像的剂量减少

• 批准号: 8432432
• 负责人: ERIC C. FREY
• 金额: $ 45.96万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-03-01 至 2016-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8432432
• 关键词: Accounting; Adult; Age; Algorithms; Applications Grants; Body Size; Breast; Characteristics; Child; Childhood; Collimator; Data; Diagnostic; Diagnostic Imaging; Discipline of Nuclear Medicine; Dose; Evaluation; Exposure to; Fluoroscopy; Generations; Guidelines; Height; Image; Imaging Techniques; Incidence; Intervention; Lead; Long-Term Effects; Longevity; Malignant Neoplasms; Medical Imaging; Methods; Modeling; Nuclear; Organ; Patients; Positioning Attribute; Radiation; Radiation Tolerance; Radiometry; Radiopharmaceuticals; Risk; Safety; Shapes; Specific qualifier value; Techniques; Thyroid Gland; Time; Tissues; Weight; Width; Work; age group; attenuation; base; cancer risk; clinical practice; density; design; detector; dosimetry; experience; image reconstruction; imaging modality; improved; indexing; molecular imaging; mortality; patient population; radiation effect; reconstruction; sex; simulation; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The radiation exposure resulting from medical imaging has become a public safety concern. Dose reduction for pediatric patients is particularly important since such patients are at increased risk owing to the enhanced radiosensitivity of their tissues and the longer time-period over which stochastic radiation effects may manifest. The objective of this proposal is to develop and validate techniques that can be used to minimize the radiation exposure to pediatric patients undergoing molecular imaging procedures without adversely impacting the diagnostic quality of the images. The hypothesis of this proposal is that it is possible to reduce the absorbed dose received by pediatric molecular imaging patients without compromising the image quality of the study by: (1) individualizing the amount of administered activity and the image acquisition time to better account for the effects that patient-specific body size and shape may have on the detector count-rate density; (2) adjusting acquisition parameters to account for the smaller field of view in pediatric imaging; (3) improving image reconstruction methods to enable image generation from these lower-count, smaller field-of-view images. In current clinical practice, dosing for pediatric molecular imaging has focused on rule-of-thumb approaches to identifying the activity administered to children for different imaging procedures. By using state-of-the-art simulation, image quality evaluation and radiation dosimetry tools, the work proposed in this grant application will examine dose reduction methods in a much more rigorous and, scientifically validated manner. This approach will lead to clinically implementable dose reduction techniques for pediatric (and potentially adult) molecular imaging on par with national efforts to reduce doses in pediatric and adult CT and fluoroscopically guided interventions without adversely impacting the diagnostic quality of the images.

描述（由申请人提供）：医学成像引起的辐射暴露已成为公共安全问题。减少儿童患者的剂量尤为重要，因为这些患者的组织放射敏感性增强，并且随机辐射效应可能显现的时间较长，因此其风险增加。该提案的目的是开发和验证可用于最大程度地减少接受分子成像手术的儿科患者的辐射暴露而不会对图像的诊断质量产生不利影响的技术。该提案的假设是，可以通过以下方式减少儿科分子成像患者接受的吸收剂量，而不影响研究的图像质量：（1）个体化管理活动量和图像采集时间，以更好地考虑患者特定的身体尺寸和形状可能对检测器计数率密度产生的影响； (2) 调整采集参数以适应儿科成像中较小的视野； (3) 改进图像重建方法，以便能够从这些计数较少、视场较小的图像生成图像。在当前的临床实践中，儿科分子成像的剂量主要集中在经验法则上，以确定针对不同成像程序对儿童进行的活动。通过使用最先进的模拟、图像质量评估和辐射剂量测定工具，本次拨款申请中提出的工作将以更严格且经过科学验证的方式检查剂量减少方法。这种方法将带来临床上可实施的儿童（可能还有成人）分子成像剂量减少技术，与国家减少儿童和成人 CT 剂量以及荧光镜引导干预措施的努力相当，而不会对图像的诊断质量产生不利影响。