Impact of repeated vaccination on the effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccines

重复接种对季节性流感疫苗有效性的影响

基本信息

批准号：
10361454
负责人：
XIUFENG HENRY WAN
金额：
$ 72.04万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-COLUMBIA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-03-03 至 2026-02-27
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10361454
关键词：
Address Affect Age-Months Antibodies Antibody Avidity Antibody titer measurement Antigenic Diversity Antigenic Variation Antigens B-Lymphocytes Biological Assay CD4 Positive T Lymphocytes Cells Conflict (Psychology)Confusion Disease Outbreaks Economics Effectiveness Ensure Evaluation Female Ferrets Frequencies Goals Health Human Immune response Immunity Impairment Individual Infection Infection prevention Influenza Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype Influenza A virus Influenza vaccination Knowledge Lead Letters Ligation Mediating Modeling Molecular Mutation National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease Pathology Pattern Performance Persons Public Health Reaction Reporting Role Sampling Seasons Serology test Serum Severities Specificity Strategic Planning T-Lymphocyte Testing United States Vaccinated Vaccination Vaccinee Vaccines Variant Virus Virus Shedding antigen detection base cross reactivity egg epidemiology study improved influenza infection influenza outbreak influenza virus vaccine influenzavirus male military health system pandemic disease prevent response seasonal influenza seropositive sex universal influenza vaccine unvaccinated vaccine effectiveness vaccine efficacy viral transmission

项目摘要

Impact of repeated vaccination on the effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccines Summary Influenza viruses cause pandemic and seasonal outbreaks that lead to the loss of thousands to millions of human lives. Vaccination is the best option for preventing influenza outbreaks and minimizing their effects on health. In the United States, annual influenza vaccination has been recommended since 2010 for persons 6 months of age and older. However, vaccine performance varies significantly between influenza seasons, and reduced vaccine effectiveness has been observed. Studies have reported that persons vaccinated during two consecutive influenza seasons had lower vaccine effectiveness during the second season than persons who had not been vaccinated during the prior season. These findings have caused profound confusion among the public regarding the potential benefit of annual influenza vaccination. Thus, there is a critical need to address the effect of repeated vaccination–associated pre-existing immunity on influenza vaccine performance. The objective of this project is to characterize the effects of repeated influenza vaccination on the specificity and magnitude of cross-reactive antibodies and on the effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccines. Two specific aims are proposed: 1) determine the specificity, magnitude, and longitudinal patterns of humoral responses in humans with repeated seasonal vaccination, and 2) test the effect of repeated vaccination– associated pre-existing immunity on influenza vaccine performance in ferrets. By comparing antibodies in persons with and without repeated influenza vaccination, we expect to show whether and how pre-existing immunity achieved through repeated influenza vaccination affects the specificity and magnitude of the cross-reactivity for the resulting antibodies and, thus, vaccine effectiveness. From our studies in ferrets, we expect to show whether and how variations in repeated vaccination–associated pre- existing immunity affect influenza vaccine performance. This study will expand our understanding of molecular mechanisms that may influence how repeated vaccination affects influenza vaccine performance. Thus, this study will provide basic knowledge for evaluating the need for annual influenza vaccination and for optimizing influenza vaccine performance.

重复接种对季节性流感疫苗有效性的影响概括流感病毒引起大流行和季节性爆发，导致数千至数百万人死亡疫苗接种是预防流感爆发并尽量减少其对人类生命影响的最佳选择。在美国，自 2010 年起建议每年接种流感疫苗 6。然而，疫苗的性能在流感季节之间存在显着差异，并且研究报告称，人们在两个时期内观察到疫苗效力降低。连续流感季节的人在第二个季节的疫苗效力低于那些连续流感季节的人上一赛季尚未接种疫苗，这些发现在人们中引起了深刻的混乱。因此，迫切需要解决每年流感疫苗接种的潜在好处。重复接种疫苗相关的已有免疫力对流感疫苗性能的影响。该项目的目标是表征重复流感疫苗接种对特异性的影响交叉反应抗体的大小以及季节性流感疫苗的有效性。提出了具体目标：1）确定体液的特异性、程度和纵向模式人类对重复季节性疫苗接种的反应，以及 2) 测试重复疫苗接种的效果 – 雪貂流感疫苗性能的相关预先存在的免疫力。通过比较重复接种流感疫苗和未重复接种流感疫苗的人的抗体，我们希望显示通过重复流感疫苗接种获得的预先存在的免疫力是否以及如何影响特异性以及由此产生的抗体的交叉反应程度，以及疫苗的有效性。在雪貂身上的研究中，我们希望能够表明重复疫苗接种相关的预接种是否以及如何发生变化。现有的免疫力会影响流感疫苗的性能，这项研究将扩大我们对分子的理解。可能影响重复接种疫苗如何影响流感疫苗性能的机制。研究将为评估每年流感疫苗接种的必要性和优化疫苗接种提供基础知识流感疫苗的性能。