Molecular Genetics of Drosophila Hybrid Lethality

果蝇杂交致死率的分子遗传学

基本信息

批准号：
8628395
负责人：
DANIEL A BARBASH
金额：
$ 30.24万
依托单位：
CORNELL UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2005-09-01 至 2017-11-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8628395
关键词：
Affect Animals Attention Back Biological Biological Assay Conflict (Psychology)DNA Damage DNA Transposable Elements Data Development Drosophila genus Drosophila melanogaster Eukaryota Event Evolution Experimental Genetics Family Female Fertility Genes Genetic Genome Genotype Germ Cells Host Defense Human Human Genome Hybrids Length Mediating Meiosis Messenger RNA Modeling Molecular Molecular Evolution Molecular Genetics Mutation Oocytes Orthologous Gene Pathway interactions Pattern Performance Phenotype Population Post-Transcriptional Regulation Process Proteins Proxy Regulation Repression Research Resolution Selfish DNA Sequence Analysis Series Small RNA Structure System Testing Transcript Transgenic Organisms Variant base gene function genome-wide hybrid gene male mutant novel strategies piRNA pressure public health relevance reproductive research study segregation telomere theories

项目摘要

Project Summary New species form when diverging populations become reproductively isolated. One cause of this isolation is hybrid incompatibility, the sterility and lethality of interspecific hybrids. This proposal investigates two previously identified genes that interact to cause lethality in hybrids between the fruit fly species Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans. Sequence analysis of both genes shows that they have evolved under adaptive evolution, a pattern also observed with other hybrid incompatibility genes. Identifying the specific selective forces causing this pattern of molecular evolution will therefore help elucidate the biological causes of speciation. This proposal is based on the recent discovery that these Drosophila hybrid incompatibility genes are required to repress transposable elements, selfish DNAs that can mobilize, reach high copy number, and cause significant damage to eukaryotic genomes. A range of genetic and molecular assays are proposed here to identify how these genes function in repressing transposable elements, including profiling the genome-wide pattern of transposition in mutant lines. Other phenotypic assays will investigate how these genes affect fertility and meiotic performance within their own host species. Attention will then turn to an integrated effort to determine how sequence divergence and adaptive evolution between species has altered specific functions of these genes. Transposable elements are a major cause of spontaneous mutation and DNA damage in eukaryotes including humans. The proposed studies will provide a high resolution view of how transposable element load contributes to host gene evolution and reproductive isolation between species.

项目概要当不同的种群在生殖上被隔离时，新物种就会形成。一造成这种分离的原因是杂种不亲和性、种间不育性和致死性杂交种。该提案研究了两个先前发现的基因，它们相互作用导致果蝇品种 Drosophila melanogaster 和 D. 果蝇杂交的致死率模拟。对这两个基因的序列分析表明它们是在以下条件下进化的适应性进化，在其他杂交不相容基因中也观察到了这种模式。识别导致这种分子进化模式的特定选择力将因此有助于阐明物种形成的生物学原因。该提案基于最近发现，这些果蝇杂交不相容基因是必需的抑制转座元件，自私的DNA可以动员，达到高拷贝数，并对真核基因组造成重大损害。一系列遗传和分子这里建议进行测定来确定这些基因如何在抑制中发挥作用转座元件，包括分析全基因组转座模式突变系。其他表型测定将研究这些基因如何影响生育能力以及它们自己宿主物种内的减数分裂表现。然后注意力将转向综合努力确定序列之间的分歧和适应性进化物种改变了这些基因的特定功能。转座元件是包括人类在内的真核生物自发突变和 DNA 损伤的主要原因。拟议的研究将提供转座元件如何负载有助于宿主基因进化和物种之间的生殖隔离。