Stress Response, Cognitive Control & "Real Time" Rumination: Shared Mechanisms Underlying Substance Use and Depression

压力反应、认知控制

• 批准号: 9979817
• 负责人: Chrystal Vergara-Lopez
• 金额: $ 19.22万
• 依托单位: MIRIAM HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-01 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9979817
• 关键词: Address; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcohols; Attention; Cannabis; Clinical; Clinical Sciences; Cognitive; Collection; Data; Data Collection; Development; Drug usage; Ecological momentary assessment; Emotional; Environment; Etiology; Exhibits; Female; Gender; Goals; Grant; Hydrocortisone; Individual; Individual Differences; Laboratories; Manuscripts; Mediating; Mediator of activation protein; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Mentored Research Scientist Development Award; Mentors; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Pathway interactions; Preventive Intervention; Process; Protocols documentation; Psyche structure; Psychologist; Psychopathology; Public Health; Recovery; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; Salivary; Sampling; Smoker; Smoking; Sorting - Cell Movement; Stress; Stressful Event; Testing; Thinking; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco use; Training; Trier Social Stress Test; Writing; base; biological adaptation to stress; career; cognitive capacity; cognitive control; computerized; depressive symptoms; emerging adult; experience; gender difference; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; male; mortality; neurobiological mechanism; programs; recruit; response; skills; smartphone Application; statistics; stressor; theories; young woman

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The goal of this Mentored Clinical Scientist Research Development Award (K08) is to train the candidate in theory, methodology, and statistics. This training will prepare the candidate for a career as an independent investigator. The candidate will develop expertise needed to launch a program of research examining shared mechanisms underlying gender specific pathways to substance use and psychopathology co-occurrence. To facilitate this overarching goal, the proposed K08 project will focus on identifying shared etiological vulnerabilities for tobacco use and depression among emerging adult females. Research on this topic is timely given that, while historically males have had higher reported rates of tobacco use than females, the gender gap in tobacco use is closing (especially among emerging adults ages18-26). Thus, understanding the underlying mechanisms that influence young women to use tobacco is an important public health concern. Two issues complicate female tobacco use: 1) there is a high degree of polysubstance use (most notably, alcohol and/or cannabis); and 2) female smokers are over twice as likely to exhibit depression (relative to male smokers). Studies that fail to account for polysubstance use and co-occurring depression may have limited public health impact, as results may not be generalizable. The research proposed in this K08 application seeks to elucidate the underpinnings of co-occurring substance use and depression by: 1) identifying proximal shared or transdiagnostic risk factors; and 2) exploring how these risk factors unfold in the natural environment. Specifically, individual differences in response to stress and cognitive control are hypothesized to predict both substance use and depressive symptoms; and these effects are expected to be mediated through rumination (repetitive negative thinking; an understudied process in the substance use field) among females, but not males. Original data collection is proposed to sample a hundred and six 18-26 year-old substance using emerging adults who will participate in: a laboratory baseline assessment followed by intensive ecological sampling methods. At baseline: 1) stress response will be assessed via a laboratory stress paradigm with collection of salivary cortisol; and 2) a computerized assessment of cognitive control will be conducted. After baseline, a 30-day smartphone application-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol will be used to assess “real-time” rumination, substance use (tobacco, alcohol, cannabis), and depressive symptoms. This K08 will provide the candidate with mentored research experience to acquire new skills in: 1) Theory (broad substance use models); 2) Methodology (administration of a laboratory stressor; EMA data collection); and 3) Statistics (EMA analyses); as well as 4) Professional Development (manuscripts & grant writing). Results will be used as pilot data for a R01 application that will aim to identify gender specific etiological pathways in the emergence of co-occurring substance use and broad psychopathological conditions. This line of research has the potential to inform etiologically driven gender-sensitive prevention and intervention efforts.

项目摘要/摘要 这个指导的临床科学家研究发展奖（K08）的目标是培训 理论，方法论和统计学中的候选人。这项培训将使候选人成为职业的候选人 独立研究者。候选人将开发启动研究计划所需的专业知识 检查与物质使用和心理病理学的性别特定途径的共同机制 共发生。为了促进这一总体目标，拟议的K08项目将重点放在确定共享 新兴成年女性中烟草使用和抑郁症的病因脆弱性。对此进行研究 及时的话题是及时的，尽管从历史上看，男性报告的烟草使用率比女性高，但 烟草使用中的性别差距正在结束（尤其是在新兴的成年人中18-26岁的成年人中）。那，理解 影响年轻妇女使用烟草的基本机制是一个重要的公共卫生问题。 两个问题使雌性烟草的使用复杂化：1）高度使用多样性（最值得注意的是， 酒精和/或大麻）； 2）女性吸烟者杀死暴露的可能性超过两倍（相对于男性 吸烟者）。无法说明多物质使用和同时发生抑郁的研究可能有限 公共卫生的影响，因为结果可能无法推广。在此K08申请中提出的研究正在寻求 阐明同时发生物质使用和抑郁的基础：1）确定近端共享 或转诊危险因素； 2）探索这些风险因素如何在自然环境中展开。 具体而言，假设对压力和认知控制的响应中的个体差异来预测 吸毒和抑郁症状；预计这些效果将通过反思来调节 （重复的负面思维；在药物使用领域中理解的过程），但没有 男性。提出了原始数据收集，以便使用一百六个18-26岁的物质采样 将参加的新兴成年人：实验室基线评估，然后进行密集生态 采样方法。基线：1）应通过实验室应力范式评估应力反应 唾液皮质醇的收集； 2）将对认知控制进行计算机化评估。后 基线是一个基于30天智能手机应用程序的生态瞬时评估（EMA）协议 用于评估“实时”反省，物质使用（烟草，酒精，大麻）和抑郁符号。 该K08将为候选人提供讨论的研究经验，以获取新技能：1）理论 （广泛的底物使用模型）； 2）方法论（实验室压力源的给药； EMA数据收集）； 3）统计（EMA分析）；以及4）专业发展（手稿和赠款写作）。 结果将用作R01应用程序的试验数据，该应用将旨在识别性别特定的病因 同时存在物质使用和广泛的心理病理条件的途径。这线 研究的潜力有可能告知病因驱动的性别敏感的预防和干预工作。