Sleep Restriction and the Adolescent Diet: Impact and Mechanisms

睡眠限制和青少年饮食：影响和机制

• 批准号: 8752516
• 负责人: Dean W. Beebe
• 金额: $ 46.11万
• 依托单位: CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-01 至 2018-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8752516
• 关键词: 17 year old; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Mechanisms; Biology; Brain; Brain region; Calories; Child; Childhood; Complex; Cross-Over Studies; Data; Development; Diet; Disease; Dose; Eating; Eating Behavior; Energy Intake; Equilibrium; Exposure to; Food; Foundations; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Habits; Health; Healthcare; Human; Individual; Institute of Medicine (U.S.); Intake; Intervention; Life; Life Style; Link; Measures; Mediating; Methods; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Neurosciences; Non obese; Obesity; Pattern; Perception; Physical activity; Pilot Projects; Prevention; Prevention program; Protocols documentation; Randomized; Recommendation; Research; Research Personnel; Rewards; Risk Factors; Schools; Science; Simulate; Sleep; Sleep Disorders; Staging; Stimulus; System; Teenagers; Testing; Time; Work; biobehavior; control trial; craving; critical developmental period; experience; fast food; follow-up; food quality; high risk; improved; innovation; knowledge base; novel; obesity prevention; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; response; sweet taste perception

Abstract Obesity prevention has become a national health imperative, and may be exceptionally important yet particularly difficult during adolescence. Adolescents develop enduring lifestyle patterns in their dietary choices and activity levels that can set the stage for life-long obesity, so it is essential that the field identify novel modifiable factors that impact the lifestyle patterns of adolescents. This study tests a promising new target for prevention efforts. Our group has collected pilot data that builds upon prior correlational findings in children and experimental findings in adults to suggest that sleep restriction (SR) causes adolescents to eat more calories without increasing their physical activity. If these pilot findings are confirmed in a larger, more definitive study, obesity prevention efforts could be augmented by strategies to alleviate SR, which is known to be extremely common among adolescents. Further, our pilot findings with adolescents extend prior adult research to suggest that the mechanism for this effect is a particular increase in the reward value of sweet/ dessert foods, causing them to be eaten in greater amounts, to be perceived more positively, and to elicit more activation of reward-related brain regions on fMRI during SR. Confirmation of these pilot findings will inform the complex biobehavioral foundations of obesity, and identify secondary points of intervention for occasions when an adolescent's sleep is inadequate due to unusual circumstances or to an intractable sleep disorder. However, before such benefits can be realized, the field must overcome significant gaps in our knowledge base. Our pilot studies yielded intriguing findings, but were too small and methodologically limited to be definitive. Other pediatric findings have come almost exclusively from correlational studies, greatly limiting causal inferences. Adult SR findings also are difficult to apply to adolescents because of multiple methodological and developmental factors. We propose to overcome these limitations with a well-powered mechanistic study that balances experimental rigor with real-world relevance during the high-risk period of adolescence. Healthy, non- obese 14-17 year-olds will undergo a randomized cross-over trial of an experimental sleep manipulation across 5-night periods (simulating a school week), comparing nightly sleep of (a) ~9 hr, the recommendation for healthy sleep vs. (b) ~6.3 hr, which many teens experience on school nights (SR). Lab assessments of teens' perception of, and brain responses to, specific foods will be paired with measures of real-world dietary and activity patterns to definitively test (a) the effect of SR on the caloric intake and activity of healthy adolescents, (b) the effect of SR on the rewarding quality of calorie-dense foods, and (c) the link between changes in caloric intake and the rewarding quality of food. Analyses will further explore whether risk factors for obesity identify which adolescents are especially vulnerable to the effect of SR on caloric intake. Findings will have direct implications for improving obesity prevention and for discoveries into obesity's complex biobehavioral mechanisms.

抽象的 预防肥胖已成为国民健康的当务之急，而且可能还异常重要 在青春期尤其困难。青少年在饮食选择中形成持久的生活方式模式 和活动水平可能为终生肥胖奠定基础，因此该领域必须识别新的 影响青少年生活方式的可改变因素。这项研究测试了一个有希望的新目标 预防工作。我们的小组收集了试点数据，这些数据建立在儿童和儿童的先前相关研究结果的基础上 成人实验结果表明睡眠限制（SR）会导致青少年摄入更多卡路里 而不增加他们的体力活动。如果这些试点结果在更大规模、更明确的研究中得到证实， 可以通过减轻 SR 的策略来加强肥胖预防工作，众所周知，SR 极其严重。 青少年中常见。此外，我们对青少年的试点研究结果将之前的成人研究扩展到 表明这种效应的机制是甜食/甜点食品的奖励价值的特别增加， 导致它们被吃得更多，被更积极地感知，并引发更多的激活 SR 期间 fMRI 上与奖励相关的大脑区域。这些试点结果的确认将为综合体提供信息 肥胖的生物行为基础，并确定当肥胖发生时的次要干预点 由于异常情况或顽固性睡眠障碍，青少年的睡眠不足。然而， 在实现这些好处之前，该领域必须克服我们知识库中的重大差距。我们的飞行员 研究得出了有趣的发现，但规模太小且方法有限，无法确定。其他 儿科研究结果几乎完全来自相关研究，极大地限制了因果推论。 由于多种方法和方法的原因，成人 SR 的研究结果也很难适用于青少年。 发育因素。我们建议通过强有力的机制研究来克服这些限制 在青春期的高风险时期平衡实验的严谨性与现实世界的相关性。身体健康，非 14-17 岁肥胖者将接受一项随机交叉试验，对不同人群进行实验性睡眠操纵 5 晚时段（模拟学校周），比较 (a) ~9 小时的夜间睡眠，建议 健康睡眠 vs. (b) ~6.3 小时，这是许多青少年在学校晚上经历的 (SR)。青少年的实验室评估 对特定食物的感知和大脑反应将与现实世界的饮食和饮食测量相结合 活动模式，以明确测试 (a) SR 对健康青少年的热量摄入和活动的影响， (b) SR 对高热量食物的奖励质量的影响，以及 (c) 热量变化之间的联系 摄入量和食物的奖励质量。分析将进一步探讨肥胖的危险因素是否确定 青少年特别容易受到 SR 对热量摄入的影响。调查结果将直接 对改善肥胖预防和发现肥胖复杂生物行为的影响 机制。