Do dimensions of adversity differentially predict neural development and psychopathology in young children?

逆境的维度是否对幼儿的神经发育和精神病理学有不同的预测？

基本信息

批准号：
9918477
负责人：
Margaret Ann Sheridan
金额：
$ 75.11万
依托单位：
UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-07-01 至 2023-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9918477
关键词：
7 year old Address Adolescence Adolescent Adult Affect Age Amygdaloid structure Animals Anxiety Behavioral Brain Child Child Development Childhood Cognitive Corpus striatum structure Cues Data Development Dimensions Disease Disruptive Behavior Disorder Electroencephalography Environment Evaluation Exposure to Family Fright Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Future Home environment Human Lateral Laws Learning Linguistics Link Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measurement Measures Mediating Mental Health Mental disorders Mentored Research Scientist Development Award Modeling Moods National Institute of Mental Health Negative Valence Neural Pathways Neurobiology Neurocognitive Neurophysiology - biologic function Neurosciences Outcome Parents Pathway interactions Physiological Positive Valence Poverty Prefrontal Cortex Preventive Intervention Process Proxy Psychopathology Reporting Research Research Domain Criteria Rest Rewards Risk Safety Short-Term Memory Strategic Planning Stress Structure Support System Symptoms System Systems Development Testing Thick Violence Work adverse childhood events aged base classical conditioning cognitive control cognitive system deprivation design developmental plasticity early childhood early life adversity emotion regulation experience follow-up improved learning extinction middle childhood neglect neural circuit neural network neurodevelopment neuroimaging novel preservation relating to nervous system social social learning violence exposure

项目摘要

Project Summary/Abstract Early adversity profoundly affects diverse aspects of child development, including brain development, physiological reactivity to stress, and long-term risk for mental illness. Most models of these effects focus on the number rather than character of adverse childhood experiences. The current proposal tests a novel conceptual model focused on the type of exposure, which differentiates two primary dimensions of experience underlying multiple forms of adversity: deprivation and threat. Deprivation involves a lack of enriching and species expectant cognitive and social inputs (e.g., neglect). Threat involves actual or perceived danger to the physical integrity of the child (e.g., exposure to violence). Here we test the hypothesis that deprivation and threat increase risk for psychopathology through separable neurobiological pathways. We identify these pathways using basic animal and human neuroscience and present them as compliments to existing models. The proposed project will examine the impact of deprivation and threat on the development of neural networks in Cognitive Control Systems and Negative Valance Systems. We predict that early deprivation exposure results in reduced cognitive control, and disruptions in the neural systems supporting cognitive control. Early threat exposure, in contrast, results in disrupted fear learning and alterations in fear circuitry. The current proposal extends our previous work to include longitudinal prediction of psychopathology during middle childhood and in depth evaluation of the proposed neurodevelopmental mechanisms. It is widely hypothesized that adversity primarily influences neural development during early childhood, yet these associations are most often studied in adolescence and adulthood. Here we propose investigating early adversity exposure in young children aged 4-7 years when these systems are undergoing peak development. To assess deprivation and threat in young children we will use in-depth home assessments including observational and parent-report measures. All children will complete structural MRI and functional neuroimaging using EEG and fMRI. The PI has extensive experience collecting such measures from children in this age range and this work follows directly from her recently completed K01 award. Understanding neurodevelopmental processes linking adversity to psychopathology will open up new pathways to prevention and intervention. The proposed research would directly address Objectives 1 and 2 of the NIMH strategic plan.

项目摘要/摘要早期逆境深刻影响儿童发育的各个方面，包括大脑发育，对压力的生理反应性和精神疾病的长期风险。这些效果的大多数模型都集中在不利的童年经历的数字而不是特征。当前的提案测试一本小说概念模型的重点是暴露的类型，这区分了经验的两个主要维度逆境多种形式的基本形式：剥夺和威胁。剥夺涉及缺乏丰富和物种预期的认知和社会投入（例如，忽视）。威胁涉及实际或感知到的危险孩子的身体完整性（例如，暴露暴露）。在这里，我们检验了以下假设：剥夺和威胁通过可分离的神经生物学途径。我们使用基本动物和人类神经科学识别这些途径并将它们表达为对现有模型的称赞。拟议的项目将检查认知控制系统中神经网络发展的剥夺和威胁价系统。我们预测，早期剥夺暴露会导致认知控制降低，并且支持认知控制的神经系统中的破坏。相反，早期威胁暴露导致恐惧的学习和恐惧回路的改变破坏了。当前的建议将我们以前的工作扩展到包括对儿童中期心理病理学的纵向预测，并深入评估提出的神经发育机制。广泛的假设是，逆境主要影响儿童早期的神经发育，然而，这些关联最常在青春期和成年中进行研究。在这里我们提出调查这些系统正在达到高峰时的4-7岁幼儿的逆境暴露发展。为了评估幼儿的剥夺和威胁，我们将使用深入的房屋评估包括观察和家长报告措施。所有儿童将完成结构性MRI和功能使用脑电图和fMRI神经影像学。 PI有丰富的经验，从儿童那里收集此类措施在这个年龄段，这项工作直接来自她最近完成的K01奖。理解将逆境与心理病理联系起来的神经发育过程将为预防开辟新的途径和干预。拟议的研究将直接解决NIMH战略计划的目标1和2。