The effects of orange juice compared with sugar-sweetened beverage on risk factors and metabolic processes associated with the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes

与含糖饮料相比，橙汁对与心血管疾病和 2 型糖尿病发展相关的危险因素和代谢过程的影响

• 批准号: 9914970
• 负责人: Kimber Lee Stanhope
• 金额: $ 4.16万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-04-01 至 2023-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9914970
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Apolipoproteins B; Beverages; Blood; Calories; Carbohydrates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Chronic Disease; Clinical; Complex; Conflict (Psychology); Confusion; Consumption; Country; Development; Diet; Dietary Intervention; Dose; Epidemic; Epidemiology; Exhibits; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Flavanones; Food; Food Labeling; Fructose; Fruit; Glucose Clamp; Gout; Health; Health Benefit; Health Policy; Health Promotion; Hepatic; Indirect Calorimetry; Infusion procedures; Intake; Internet; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Juice; Knowledge; LDL Cholesterol Lipoproteins; Lead; Lipids; Lipoproteins; Liver; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measures; Metabolic; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolism; Micronutrients; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; Oranges; Overweight; Participant; Prevalence; Procedures; Public Health; Risk; Risk Factors; Scientist; Sucrose; Triglycerides; Uric Acid; Weight; Woman; abdominal fat; cardiovascular disorder risk; cardiovascular risk factor; dietary guidelines; drinking; epidemiology study; evidence base; glucose production; insulin sensitivity; lipid biosynthesis; liver imaging; men; mortality; naringenin; oxidation; response; soft drink; stable isotope; sugar; sweetened beverage; urinary; young adult

Project Summary: Recent evidence from epidemiological studies and dietary intervention studies suggest that consumption of added sugar/sugar-sweetened beverage increases risk for chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic syndrome and gout. As a result, soda consumption has decreased in this country, and new dietary guidelines and FDA food labeling requirements have been enacted to promote greater reductions in added sugar consumption. However, there are gaps in knowledge regarding the effect of other sugar-containing foods, particularly those of 100% fruit juice, that have led to public confusion about healthier options for soda, and impede progress in implementing public health policies that will promote greater reductions in sugar consumption. The amount of sugar in fruit juice is comparable to the amount in soda. Because of this, some experts believe that the effects of consuming fruit juice are as detrimental, or even worse, than those of soda. However, in contrast to soda, fruit juice contains micronutrients and bioactives that may mitigate the effects of sugar and promote health. Therefore, some scientist believe that fruit juice is a healthier choice than soda. The epidemiological evidence is conflicting, and the results from the limited number of clinical dietary intervention studies that have directly compared the metabolic effects of consuming fruit juice with sugar-sweetened beverage are inconclusive. The objectives of this proposal are to address the gap in knowledge regarding the metabolic effects of consuming orange juice compared with sugar-sweetened beverage. We propose to compare the weight-independent effects of consuming 25% energy requirement as carbohydrate from orange juice or sucrose-sweetened beverages (SBB) for 4 weeks on risk factors and metabolic processes associated with the development of CVD and T2D in normal weight and overweight men and women. We also propose to measure urinary levels of the metabolites and catabolites of the two main flavanones in orange juice and relate these levels to changes in the risk factors and metabolic processes. We hypothesize that consumption of orange juice will have less detrimental effects than SSB on circulating concentrations of lipid/lipoprotein risk factors and uric acid, and on hepatic conversion of sugar to fat (de novo lipogenesis) and hepatic fat accumulation. Weight-maintaining, low sugar diets that contain 50% energy as complex carbohydrate will be provided during the 2-week baseline period, and matched diets that contain 25% energy as complex carbohydrate and 25% energy as carbohydrate from orange juice or sucrose-SB will be provided during the 4-week intervention period. Experimental procedures will be conducted during baseline and during the final 2 weeks of study. The results from this study, whether supportive or unsupportive of our hypotheses, will assist consumers in making informed beverage choices and aid efforts to establish evidence- based public health policy aimed at slowing the epidemics of CVD and T2D.

项目概要： 流行病学研究和饮食干预研究的最新证据表明，食用 添加糖/含糖饮料会增加患心血管疾病等慢性疾病的风险 (CVD)、2 型糖尿病 (T2D)、代谢综合征和痛风。因此，苏打水的消费量有所下降 这个国家，并颁布了新的膳食指南和 FDA 食品标签要求，以促进 进一步减少添加糖的消耗。然而，对于其影响的认识存在差距。 其他含糖食品，尤其是 100% 果汁的食品，导致公众对 更健康的苏打水选择，并阻碍在实施公共卫生政策方面取得进展，而这些政策将促进更多 减少糖的消耗。果汁中的糖含量与汽水中的含量相当。 正因为如此，一些专家认为饮用果汁的影响同样有害，甚至 比苏打水更糟糕。然而，与汽水不同，果汁含有微量营养素和生物活性物质， 可以减轻糖的影响并促进健康。因此，一些科学家认为果汁是一种 比苏打水更健康的选择。流行病学证据相互矛盾，而且有限的数据得出的结果 直接比较饮用果汁的代谢影响的临床饮食干预研究 与含糖饮料的关系尚无定论。该提案的目标是解决以下方面的差距： 关于饮用橙汁与含糖饮料相比的代谢影响的知识 饮料。我们建议将消耗 25% 能量需求的与体重无关的效果进行比较： 根据风险因素，连续 4 周摄入来自橙汁或蔗糖饮料 (SBB) 的碳水化合物 正常体重和超重男性中与 CVD 和 T2D 发展相关的代谢过程 和妇女。我们还建议测量两种主要代谢物和分解代谢物的尿水平。 橙汁中的黄烷酮，并将这些水平与危险因素和代谢过程的变化联系起来。我们 假设饮用橙汁对循环的不利影响小于 SSB 脂质/脂蛋白危险因素和尿酸的浓度，以及肝脏将糖转化为脂肪的情况（从头开始） 脂肪生成）和肝脏脂肪积累。维持体重的低糖饮食，其中含有 50% 的能量 将在 2 周基线期间提供复合碳水化合物，并搭配含有 25% 碳水化合物的饮食 复合碳水化合物的能量和来自橙汁或蔗糖-SB 的碳水化合物的 25% 能量将 在 4 周的干预期间提供。实验程序将在基线期间进行 以及最后两周的学习期间。这项研究的结果，无论是支持还是不支持我们的 假设，将帮助消费者做出明智的饮料选择，并帮助建立证据- 旨在减缓 CVD 和 T2D 流行的公共卫生政策。