Neural Control of Interceptive Movements

拦截运动的神经控制

• 批准号: 9910402
• 负责人: Neeraj J Gandhi
• 金额: $ 38.09万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-05-01 至 2022-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9910402
• 关键词: Algorithms; Anterior; Architecture; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavior; Biologic Development; Biological Markers; Biological Models; Brain; Brain Stem; Computational algorithm; Computer Models; Diagnosis; Distributional Activity; Electrodes; Elements; Equilibrium; Eye Movements; Future; Gaussian model; Generations; Goals; Intercept; Investigation; Location; Mediating; Methods; Modeling; Motion; Motor; Movement; Neuraxis; Neurons; Normal Statistical Distribution; Pattern; Population; Positioning Attribute; Property; Reporting; Research; Retina; Role; Saccades; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Site; Spatial Distribution; Speed; Stimulus; Strabismus; Structure; Synapses; Tail; Testing; Visual; Weight; Width; base; eye velocity; innovation; insight; interest; logarithm; mild traumatic brain injury; motility disorder; motor control; neural network; neural prosthesis; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; neuropsychiatric disorder; neuroregulation; non-Gaussian model; non-linear transformation; nonhuman primate; oculomotor; predictive modeling; relating to nervous system; response; spatiotemporal; superior colliculus Corpora quadrigemina; targeted imaging; vector; visual map; visual motor

PROJECT SUMMARY A high-velocity eye movement or saccade is typically the first motor action we make to orient to an object of interest. While the neural mechanisms of saccade generation to stationary targets have been thoroughly investigated, very little is known about the neural control of interceptive saccades that acquire moving targets. Current dogma based on studies of saccades to stationary targets states that the visual and motor bursts in the superior colliculus (SC), a major hub in the oculomotor neuraxis, are represented as Gaussians; that the population activity is centered at the site encoding the target location and, equivalently, desired saccade vector; that its width remains invariant across different target locations and saccade vectors; and that these spatial features emerge from a balance of excitation and inhibition mediated through intrinsic, intra-laminar connectivity. Fundamentally non-overlapping mechanisms must be involved when the target is moving, because accurate interception can only occur if target velocity information is incorporated in the saccade command. We reason that as a moving target’s image streaks across the retina, activity sweeps across the SC too. We hypothesize that the population activity, which starts as a Gaussian to represent the initial visual response, becomes skewed as it sweeps across the SC; that the extent to which SC population activity is modified depends on the intra-laminar connectivity weights, the logarithmic map of visual space in SC, and target speed; that the altered spatial distribution persists during the peri-movement burst; and that an appropriate computational algorithm must be able to decode the saccade goal from the skewed population response. We propose to test these hypotheses using a combination of experimental and computational approaches. Specific Aim 1 will employ an innovative method for simultaneously recording neural activity of many SC neurons within a functional layer in nonhuman primates performing oculomotor tasks and compare the spatiotemporal properties of population activity during saccades to stationary and moving targets (different speeds and directions). Specific Aim 2 will construct a computational model that simulates population activity in SC and associated saccades to stationary and moving targets. We will employ a distributed architecture for the superficial and deeper layers of the SC and a lumped block-diagram circuit for the brainstem burst generator elements, like that done by Arai and colleagues (Neural Networks, 7:1115-1135, 1994). Collectively, these projects will provide an in-depth insight into the mechanisms for generation of interceptive saccades and enable a comparison with mechanisms of saccades to stationary targets.

项目摘要 高速眼动或扫视通常是我们对对象进行定向的第一个电动机动作 兴趣。虽然扫视产生固定靶标的神经机制已彻底 经过调查，对获得移动靶标的拦截扫视的神经控制知之甚少。 基于对固定目标的扫视的研究，目前的教条指出，视觉和电动机在 上丘（SC）是动眼神经毒素中的主要枢纽，被表示为高斯人。那是 人口活动以编码目标位置的站点为中心，同样是所需的扫视 向量;它的宽度在不同的目标位置和扫视矢量之间保持不变；这些 空间特征从通过固有的灯内介导的兴奋和抑制平衡中出现 连接性。从根本上讲，当目标移动时必须涉及非重叠的机制， 因为只有在目标速度信息纳入扫视中，才能进行准确的拦截 命令。我们认为，作为移动目标的图像在整个视网膜上的条纹，活动横跨SC 也。我们假设人口活动是从高斯开始的，以代表初始视觉 反应，随着SC的甜味而变得偏斜。 SC人口活动的程度 修改的取决于线内连接权重，SC中视觉空间的对数图，以及 目标速度；在移动爆发期间，空间分布的变化持续存在；那是 适当的计算算法必须能够从偏斜的人群中解码扫视目标 回复。我们建议使用实验和计算的组合来检验这些假设 方法。具体目标1将采用创新方法来简单记录神经活动 在非人类主执行动眼任务的功能层中的许多SC神经元，并比较 扫视固定目标和移动目标期间种群活动的时空特性（不同 速度和方向）。特定目标2将构建一个计算模型，以模拟人群活动 在SC以及相关的扫视固定目标和移动目标中。我们将采用分布式体系结构 SC的浅层和更深的层和脑干爆发的集体块形电路 像Arai及其同事所做的那样（神经网络，7：1115-1135，1994）。共同 这些项目将为生成截然扫视的机制提供深入的了解和 使与扫视的机制进行比较，以使其固定靶标。