Project 1: Racial Differences in Attentional Bias and Cue Reactivity among Smokers

项目 1：吸烟者注意力偏差和提示反应的种族差异

• 批准号: 8850170
• 负责人: James C Root
• 金额: $ 2.29万
• 依托单位: SLOAN-KETTERING INST CAN RESEARCH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-22 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8850170
• 关键词: Abstinence; Address; African American; Arousal; Behavioral; Brain; Brain region; Cancer Burden; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Cigarette; Cognitive; Cues; Data; Development; EP300 gene; Education; Electroencephalogram; Exhibits; Face; Galvanic Skin Response; Goals; Guide prevention; Health; Imagery; Incidence; Intervention; Malignant Neoplasms; Methodology; Morbidity - disease rate; Nature; Outcome Measure; P300 Event-Related Potentials; Physiological; Physiological Processes; Pilot Projects; Prevention program; Prevention strategy; Preventive Intervention; Process; Process Measure; Psychophysiology; Reaction; Reaction Time; Relapse; Reporting; Research; Smoker; Smoking; Source; Staging; Stimulus; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco smoking; Tobacco use; addiction; behavior measurement; cigarette smoking; cognitive control; craving; cue reactivity; design; effective intervention; experience; mortality; non-smoking; novel strategies; prevent; primary outcome; racial difference; response; success; therapy development; tobacco abstinence

ABSTRACT Black Americans face a disproportionate burden of cancer incidence and death from tobacco smoking.1 Among other tobacco-related disparities, Blacks have less success achieving abstinence from tobacco than Whites even though they are more likely to attempt to quit.2,3 Identifying factors that contribute to racial differences in abstinence rates will contribute to effective interventions to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality among Blacks. Increased cue reactivity to smoking-related cues might be one important mechanism that explains Blacks increased difficulty maintaining abstinence from tobacco use. Although little research to date has examined racial differences in the cognitive processing and physiological processes of tobacco-related stimuli, several studies suggest that Blacks experience several aspects of tobacco smoking differently than Whites. Nonetheless, many questions remain unanswered about the nature, quantity, and quality of these differences. Psychophysiological data are a rich source of information that is likely to elucidate these differences. Racial differences in cue reactivity and attentional processes related to tobacco disparities would suggest specific targets for the development of interventions for treatment and/or prevention programs with the goal of optimizing interventions to more effectively assist Blacks achieve long-term abstinence and/or prevent initial use. The goal of this pilot study is to examine racial differences in in psychophysiological cue reactivity that are likely to contribute to tobacco-related disparities. Findings from this pilot study will inform the development of a larger examination of racial differences in the cognitive processing of smoking-related cues and cue reactivity. White and Black Smokers will complete a classic cue reactivity flanker task while psychophysiological indicators of cognitive processing and behavioral measures are collected. Primary outcome measures include the P300 event-related potential (ERP), brain wave amplitude, skin conductance reactivity (SCR), and reaction time. Differences between Black and White smokers reactivity to smoking-related versus non-smoking related stimuli will be examined. We hypothesize that alterations in cue reactivity develop early in cue processing and that this finding will be heightened in Blacks compared to Whites, explaining heightened craving levels in response to smoking-related cues and less successful quit attempts in Blacks. Aim 1: To examine psychophysiological and behavioral differences in cue reactivity between Black and White smokers. We anticipate that Black smokers will: H1: Exhibit larger P300 (ERP) response to smoking related cues than White smokers; H2: Exhibit a larger SCR response to smoking related cues than White smokers; H3: Exhibit longer reaction times to smoking related cues than White smokers; and H4: Will report greater craving levels than White smokers before and after the experimental sessions. Cue reactivity is a well-established and theoretically grounded construct strongly associated with the craving, tobacco consumption, and relapse to smoking. This study applies a well-established construct to the study of racial differences.

抽象的 美国黑人因吸烟而面临着不成比例的癌症发病率和死亡负担。1 其他与烟草相关的差异，黑人在戒烟方面的成功率低于白人 即使他们更有可能尝试戒烟。2,3 识别导致种族差异的因素 戒烟率将有助于采取有效干预措施，降低癌症发病率和死亡率 黑人。对吸烟相关线索的线索反应性增加可能是解释这一现象的重要机制之一 黑人保持戒烟的难度加大。尽管迄今为止很少有研究 研究了烟草相关刺激的认知处理和生理过程的种族差异， 多项研究表明，黑人对吸烟的几个方面的体验与白人不同。 尽管如此，关于这些差异的性质、数量和质量的许多问题仍未得到解答。 心理生理学数据是可能阐明这些差异的丰富信息来源。种族 与烟草差异相关的提示反应性和注意力过程的差异将表明具体的 制定治疗和/或预防计划干预措施的目标 优化干预措施，以更有效地帮助黑人实现长期禁欲和/或预防最初的禁欲 使用。这项试点研究的目的是检查心理生理线索反应性的种族差异，这些差异 可能会造成与烟草相关的差异。这项试点研究的结果将为开发 对吸烟相关线索认知处理和线索反应性的种族差异进行更大规模的检查。 白人和黑人吸烟者将完成经典的提示反应侧翼任务，同时心理生理学 收集认知处理和行为测量的指标。主要结果指标包括 P300 事件相关电位 (ERP)、脑波振幅、皮肤电导反应性 (SCR) 和反应 时间。黑人和白人吸烟者对吸烟相关与非吸烟相关反应的差异 将检查刺激。我们假设提示反应性的改变在提示处理的早期就发生了，并且 与白人相比，这一发现在黑人中更为明显，这解释了 黑人对吸烟相关线索的反应和戒烟尝试不太成功的情况。目标 1：检查 黑人和白人吸烟者之间提示反应的心理生理和行为差异。我们 预计黑人吸烟者将： H1：对吸烟相关线索表现出比白人更大的 P300 (ERP) 反应 吸烟者； H2：与白人吸烟者相比，对吸烟相关线索表现出更大的 SCR 反应； H3：展示时间更长 与白人吸烟者相比，对吸烟相关线索的反应时间； H4：会报告比 实验前后的白人吸烟者。提示反应性是一种成熟且 与渴望、烟草消费和复吸密切相关的理论基础构建 吸烟。这项研究应用了一个行之有效的结构来研究种族差异。