Dynamic Complexity of Brain Tumor Stem Cells

脑肿瘤干细胞的动态复杂性

• 批准号: 9325306
• 负责人: JEREMY N RICH
• 金额: $ 86.2万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-01 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9325306
• 关键词: Affinity; Astrocytes; Brain; Brain Stem; Brain Stem Neoplasms; Cells; Clinical Trials; Combined Modality Therapy; Complex; Cues; Cytotoxic Chemotherapy; Degenerative Disorder; Development; Ecosystem; Elements; Enhancers; Excision; Failure; Genetic; Glioblastoma; Glioma; Glucose Transporter; Human; Immune; Link; Longevity; Maintenance; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of brain; Metabolic; Metabolic Control; Metabolic stress; Metabolism; Mitochondria; Modality; Modeling; Molecular; Morphology; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neuraxis; Neurons; Normal tissue morphology; Nutrient; Oncogenic; Operative Surgical Procedures; Oral; Organ; Oxygen; Patients; Phenocopy; Power Plants; Quality of life; Radiation; Regulation; Regulatory Pathway; Resistance; Role; Stem cells; Therapeutic; Transcriptional Regulation; Tumor Stem Cells; Tumor Suppressor Proteins; Variant; biological adaptation to stress; brain metabolism; cancer cell; cancer stem cell; conventional therapy; epigenetic regulation; improved; neoplastic; neoplastic cell; nerve stem cell; novel; novel therapeutics; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; self-renewal; stem cell differentiation; stem cell niche; stem-like cell; temozolomide; tumor; tumor heterogeneity; tumor initiation; tumorigenesis

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Glioblastomas rank among the most lethal of human cancers despite aggressive multimodal therapy. Most cancers kill their hosts through metastases but glioblastomas are nearly universally deadly in the absence of spread beyond the neuraxis due to spread into normal brain and resistance to conventional therapies. The lifespan and quality-of-life for glioblastoma patients has improved with better surgical resection, refined radiation administration and the addition of the oral methylator, temozolomide, during radiation, but median survival remains less than two years. The explanation for the failure of current therapy to extend patient survival has many causes, but one contributing force may be the presence of complex intratumoral heterogeneity derived from heterogeneous expression of oncogenic drivers as well as cellular hierarchies that phenocopy the normal brain hierarchy, albeit with aberrant control. Glioblastomas, like all cancers, can be considered a complex ecosystem that effectively responds to anti-tumor defenses of the body and additional cytotoxic therapy through the collective action of the neoplastic compartment in concert with infiltrating immune cells, vasculature, and reactive astrocytes that can act both as tumor suppressor and enhancer. Normal tissue specific stem cells pose danger due to their ability to undergo sustained proliferation. In response, stem cells reside in specific niches from which their derive maintenance cues but are also constrained in proliferation and undergo differentiation upon exiting the niche. Cancer stem cells share some cell autonomous regulatory pathways with the stem cells in the organs from which they were derived but also recreate elements of a niche. The stem cell niche is a structural construct but also is associated with regional variation in oxygen, pH, and nutrient availability. Thus, it is almost certain that the metabolic reprogramming that occurs within the context of oncogenesis represents an element of the cancer stem cell niche that requires control of metabolic stress responses. Aberrant metabolic control is required for tumor initiation and maintenance. Genetic derangements hardwire self-renewal into tumors but the cellular hierarchy is maintained through the interplay between core stem cell intrinsic transcriptional regulation, metabolism, and niche cues. We recently demonstrated that brain tumor stem cells coopt a high affinity glucose transporter (GLUT3) expressed in neurons to withstand metabolic stress. As mitochondrial morphology is linked to lineage specification, we investigated another mechanism critical to brain metabolism, mitochondrial dynamics. In preliminary studies, we found that brain tumor stem cells displayed molecular regulation distinct from non-stem tumor cells and neural progenitor cells. As targeting mitochondrial dynamics has been linked to neural protection in degenerative disease, these results suggest that targeting mitochondrial dynamics may represent a selective point of fragility for brain tumor stem cells. In the proposed studies we will investigate the role of mitochondrial dynamics and metabolic control in the maintenance of brain tumor stem cells, regulation of the epigenetic stem cell state, and as a therapeutic modality. Collectively, successful completion of the proposed studies will provide an enhanced model of glioma hierarchy and inform the development of novel clinical trials.

 描述（由申请人提供）：尽管采用积极的多模式治疗，胶质母细胞瘤仍然是最致命的人类癌症之一，但大多数癌症通过转移杀死宿主，但由于扩散到正常大脑和抵抗力，在没有扩散到神经轴之外的情况下，胶质母细胞瘤几乎是普遍致命的。通过更好的手术切除，胶质母细胞瘤患者的寿命和生活质量得到了改善， 精细的放射治疗以及在放射期间添加口服甲基化剂替莫唑胺，但中位生存期仍不足两年 目前治疗未能延长患者生存期的原因有很多，但其中一个因素可能是存在。尽管与所有癌症一样，胶质母细胞瘤具有异常控制，但复杂的肿瘤内异质性源自致癌驱动因素的异质性表达以及对正常大脑层次结构进行表型复制的细胞层次结构。复杂的生态系统，通过肿瘤区室与浸润免疫细胞、脉管系统和反应性星形胶质细胞的集体作用，有效地响应身体的抗肿瘤防御和额外的细胞毒性治疗，这些细胞既可以作为肿瘤抑制剂，也可以作为正常组织特异性的增强剂。干细胞由于其持续增殖的能力而构成危险，干细胞驻留在特定的生态位中，从中获得维持信号，但在离开该生态位后，它们的增殖和分化也会受到限制。干细胞生态位是一种结构构造，但也与氧气、pH 值和营养可用性的区域变化有关。几乎可以肯定的是，在肿瘤发生的背景下发生的代谢重编程代表了癌症干细胞生态位的一个要素，需要控制代谢应激反应，这是肿瘤发生和维持的遗传紊乱所必需的。细胞层次结构是通过维持我们最近证明，脑肿瘤干细胞利用神经元中表达的高亲和力葡萄糖转运蛋白（GLUT3）来承受代谢应激，因为线粒体形态与谱系规范有关。我们研究了另一种对大脑代谢至关重要的机制，即线粒体动力学，在初步研究中，我们发现脑肿瘤干细胞表现出与非干肿瘤细胞和神经祖细胞不同的分子调节作用，因为靶向线粒体动力学与退行性变中的神经保护有关。这些结果表明，靶向线粒体动力学可能代表脑肿瘤干细胞的选择性脆弱点。在拟议的研究中，我们将研究线粒体动力学和代谢控制在维持脑肿瘤干细胞、表观遗传调节中的作用。干细胞状态， 总的来说，成功完成拟议的研究将提供神经胶质瘤层次结构的增强模型，并为临床新试验的发展提供信息。