Reducing pesticide exposures to preschool-age children in California child care centers

减少加州儿童保育中心学龄前儿童接触农药的机会

基本信息

批准号：
9769523
负责人：
Abbey Diane Alkon
金额：
$ 61.93万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-09-30 至 2022-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9769523
关键词：
6 year old Address Adult Age Air Body Weight California Chemicals Child Child Care Child health care Chronic Cognitive Communities Consultations Control Groups County Data Collection Development Dose Dust Educational Materials Educational process of instructing Educational workshop Enrollment Environment Environmental Health Exposure to Food Goals Growth and Development function Health Health Policy Health care facility Healthy People 2020 Home environment Hour Individual Indoor environment Information Resources Management Intake Intervention Intervention Studies Knowledge Learning Life Malignant Neoplasms Measures Methods Modeling Monitor Neurologic Nursery Schools Nurses Organ Organophosphates Outcome Outcome Study Pesticides Physical activity Physical environment Policies Poverty Practice Management Public Health Randomized Research Resort Risk Sampling Self Efficacy Silicones System Time Training United States Water active control attentional control base control trial early childhood ethnic diversity follow-up hazard health care consultation health goals improved intervention program kindergarten leukemia/lymphoma novel pesticide exposure post intervention prevent programs pyrethroid respiratory risk minimization rural counties socioeconomics tool

项目摘要

Chronic, low level indoor pesticide exposures are associated with adverse health outcomes in children, including cancer and cognitive, neurological, and respiratory problems. Recent studies show that pesticides applied as sprays are used in child care facilities exposing young children and staff to harmful chemicals. Thirteen million children in the United States and one million children in California under six years of age attend child care programs. Compared with adults, young children are more vulnerable to pesticides since their developing organs and bodily systems can be damaged during critical windows of development. Interventions to reduce pesticide exposure in child care centers have focused on teaching child care staff about integrated pest management (IPM) and providing hands-on technical assistance and follow-up consultation. IPM is an approach to managing pests that focuses on preventing infestations, monitoring for pests, and limiting the use of harmful pesticides. Pesticides are used as a last resort and primarily as self-contained baits, which do not contaminate indoor environments. IPM intervention programs led by nurses trained as child care health consultants have shown positive changes in staff knowledge, policies, and practices; however, these studies did not include control groups or assess whether the intervention reduced pesticide exposures to the children. The goal of this study is to reduce children’s exposure to pesticides in child care centers to improve their long- term health. A randomized-control trial in four northern California counties will compare changes in pesticide exposure among child care centers assigned to an IPM intervention versus an attention control intervention on physical activity. One hundred child care centers serving socio-economically and ethnically diverse preschool- age children will be enrolled. This study will be modeled on a successful nurse-led child care health consultation intervention comprised of an educational workshop, materials and tools, and center-specific consultation over seven months. In addition, the study will include novel methods of measuring pesticide concentrations in child care centers (dust) and to individual children in the child care settings (silicone wristbands). The study aims are to determine if a nurse-led IPM intervention (1) increases child care center staff’s IPM knowledge, (2) improves center’s IPM policies and practices, (3) reduces pest problems (i.e., pests present, pest residue), (4) increases director’s self-efficacy, (5) reduces pesticide exposures in child care center environments, and (6) reduces child-level pesticide exposures in the intervention child care centers compared to the control centers. This study contributes to public health goals set by Healthy People 2020 to improve environmental health through educational and community-based programs and will inform state and national programs promoting environmental health policy changes in child care. Improving children’s physical environment and reducing harmful exposures to pesticides will support young children’s growth and development so they are healthy and ready to learn as they enter kindergarten.

慢性，低水平的室内农药暴露与儿童的不良健康结果有关包括癌症和认知，神经系统和呼吸道问题。最近的研究表明农药应用作为喷雾剂应用于托儿机构，暴露于幼儿和员工中的有害化学物质。美国的1300万儿童和六岁以下的加利福尼亚儿童参加了儿童保育计划。与成年人相比，幼儿更容易受到农药的影响在关键的开发窗口中，开发器官和身体系统可能会损坏。干预措施为了减少儿童保育中心的农药暴露，重点是教育儿人员有关综合的信息害虫管理（IPM）并提供动手技术援助和后续咨询。 IPM是一个管理害虫的方法，重点是防止侵扰，监测害虫和限制使用有害农药。农药被用作最后的度假胜地，主要是独立的诱饵，而不是污染室内环境。 IPM干预计划由接受育儿健康培训的护士领导顾问显示员工知识，政策和实践的积极变化；但是，这些研究不包括对照组或评估干预措施是否减少了农药暴露于儿童。这项研究的目的是减少儿童在儿童保育中心接触农药，以改善他们的长期任期健康。在四个北加州县进行的随机控制试验将比较农药的变化分配给IPM干预措施的托儿中心之间的暴露与注意力控制干预体育锻炼。一百个在社会经济和种族多元化的学前班服务的托儿中心 - 年龄的孩子将入学。这项研究将以成功的护士为主导的托儿健康状况进行建模咨询干预完成了教育研讨会，材料和工具以及特定于中心的教育研讨会在七个月内进行咨询。此外，该研究将包括测量农药的新方法托儿中心（灰尘）的浓度和在儿童保育环境中的单个儿童（硅树脂）腕带）。该研究的目的是确定由护士主导的IPM干预（1）是否增加了托儿中心员工的IPM知识，（2）改善了中心的IPM政策和实践，（3）减少了害虫问题（即害虫现在，害虫居住），（4）增加了董事的自我高效，（5）减少了托儿中的农药暴露中心环境，（6）减少了在干预儿童中心中的儿童级农药暴露与对照中心相比。这项研究有助于2020年健康人建立的公共卫生目标通过教育和社区计划改善环境健康，并将为州和促进环境健康政策变化的国家计划。改善孩子的身体环境并减少对农药的有害暴露将支持幼儿的成长和发展使他们健康，并随时可以学习进入幼儿园。