Phenotypic and metabolic characteristics in early childhood leading to obesity

导致肥胖的幼儿期表型和代谢特征

• 批准号: 9765298
• 负责人: Aline Andres
• 金额: $ 30.17万
• 依托单位: ARKANSAS CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL RES INST
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-01 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9765298
• 关键词: 2 year old; Abdomen; Address; Adult; Age; Animal Model; Birth; Birth Weight; Birth length; Body Composition; Body fat; Calories; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Characteristics; Child; Childhood; Clinical Research; Data; Development; Discipline of Nursing; Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry; Energy Intake; Energy Metabolism; Exhibits; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Food; Foundations; Gestational Age; Growth; Growth and Development function; Human; Human Milk; Infant; Intake; Intervention; Knowledge; Lead; Life; Macronutrients Nutrition; Measures; Metabolic; Metabolism; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Nutritional; Obesity; Overweight; Pattern; Phenotype; Play; Prevention; Prevention strategy; Records; Reporting; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Techniques; Technology; Testing; United States; Visceral fat; Weight; Weight Gain; adult obesity; design; doubly-labeled water; early childhood; fatty acid oxidation; in utero; infancy; innovation; lifestyle intervention; maternal obesity; metabolic phenotype; obesity development; obesity risk; offspring; oxidation; postnatal; prenatal; prevent; programs; public health relevance; rapid growth; sex; skills; stable isotope; total energy expenditure

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 23.8 percent of children age 2 to 5 years are overweight and 11.1 percent are obese. Studies have demonstrated that children who become obese as early as age 2 years are more likely to be obese as adults. Accordingly, 1 in 4 children is at risk for developing obesity later in life in the United States. Weight velocity during infancy has been associated with later risk of obesity in numerous studies. However, most studies have reported on anthropometric rather than body fat mass measures. It is unknown which patterns of fat mass and fat free mass accretion during the first two years of life yield obesity development. Similarly, very few studies have investigated fat mass distribution in infants and children especially during a period of rapid growth and increased energy needs. Our preliminary analyses suggest that while maternal BMI and energy intake contribute to the association between weight velocity and overweight/obese status at age 2 years, there are likely other factors that lead to greater weight velocity in infany. We postulate that weight velocity is also driven by a shift in metabolism such that infants who will become overweight or obese develop an energy sparing phenotype leading to greater weight gain compared to infants who remain normal weight during childhood. Therefore they are more efficient at storing excess calories leading to increased accumulation of fat mass. Though this has not been studied in humans and no data exist to suggest how this might influence various fat depots, this energy sparing phenotype is supported by animal models demonstrating that maternal obesity programs offspring metabolism in utero resulting in decreased energy expenditure and fatty acid oxidation rates. The objective of this application is to address these gaps in knowledge by measuring energy intake, total energy expenditure rates, fatty acid oxidation rates, and fat mass accretion and distribution of infants and children during the first two years of life while controlling for important confounding factors. We will test the hypothesis that excessive weight gain during infancy is driven by both greater energy intake and lower energy expenditure and fatty acid oxidation rates, resulting in greater fat mass accretion. The first aim will determine the associations between weight velocity, energy intake and energy expenditure of infants and children at age 6, 12 and 24 months. For this aim, total energy expenditure will be evaluated using doubly-labelled water. The second aim will determine the associations between weight velocity and fatty acid oxidation of infants and children using stable isotope techniques at age 6, 12 and 24 months. The third aim will evaluate fat mass accretion and distribution in infants and children during the first two years of life using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance techniques.

 描述（由适用提供）：根据疾病控制与预防中心的说法，2至5岁的儿童中有23.8％超重，肥胖11.1％。研究表明，早在2岁时就变得肥胖的孩子更有可能肥胖。据称，四分之一的儿童有可能在美国晚些时候出现肥胖症的风险。婴儿期的体重速度与后来的肥胖风险有关。但是，大多数研究报告了人体测量学而不是体内脂肪质量测量值。在生命的头两年中，尚不清楚哪种脂肪质量和无脂肪质量积聚产生肥胖的发展。同样，很少的研究 已经研究了婴儿和儿童的脂肪质量分布，尤其是在快速的时期 增长和增加的能源需求。我们的初步分析表明，尽管生物BMI和能量摄入有助于2岁年龄段重量速度与超重/肥胖状态之间的关联，但可能还有其他因素会导致感染的重量速度更高。我们假设体重速度也是由新陈代谢的转移驱动的，使那些会变得超重或肥胖的婴儿与在童年时期保持正常体重的婴儿相比会产生能量支撑表型，从而导致体重增加更大。因此，它们在储存多余的卡路里方面更有效地导致脂肪质量的积累增加。尽管这尚未在人类中进行研究，也没有数据表明这可能如何影响各种脂肪沉积，但是这种跨性能的表型得到了动物模型的支持，表明在子宫内的物物肥胖计划后代代谢，导致能量消耗和脂肪酸氧化速率降低。该应用的目的是通过测量能量摄入，总能量消耗率，脂肪酸氧化速率以及脂肪质量积聚和婴儿和儿童在生命的头两年，同时控制重要的混杂因素，以解决知识中的这些差距。我们将检验以下假设：婴儿期间超级体重增加是由更大的能量摄入和较低的能量消耗和脂肪酸氧化速率驱动的，从而导致更大的脂肪质量积聚。第一个目标将确定6、12和24个月的婴儿和儿童的体重速度，能量摄入和能量消耗之间的关联。为此，将使用双标签水评估总能量消耗。第二个目标将确定使用稳定的同位素技术在6、12和24个月的重量速度和儿童对婴儿和儿童的脂肪酸氧化之间的关联。第三个目标将在生命的头两年使用双能量X射线评估婴儿和儿童的脂肪质量积聚和分布 吸收和定量核磁共振技术。