Bidirectional Hybrid Electrical-Acoustic Minimally Invasive Implants for Large-Scale Neural Recording and Modulation

用于大规模神经记录和调制的双向混合电声微创植入物

• 批准号: 9766303
• 负责人: Mehdi Kiani
• 金额: $ 19.72万
• 依托单位: PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9766303
• 关键词: Acoustics; Animals; Biological; Brain; Brain region; Chemicals; Cicatrix; Cognitive; Complex; Data; Development; Devices; Disease; Electrocorticogram; Electrodes; Electromagnetics; Electrophysiology (science); Emotions; Esthesia; Failure; Fiber Optics; Film; Focused Ultrasound; Frequencies; Future; Geometry; Goals; Human; Hybrids; Image; Implant; Injury; Knowledge; Light; Link; Liquid substance; Measures; Methods; Modality; Monitor; Motor; Neurons; Optics; Pattern; Penetration; Performance; Pharmacology; Resolution; Safety; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Site; Specificity; Structure; Surface; System; Technology; Telemetry; Testing; Thick; Thinness; Time; Tissue imaging; Tissues; Transducers; Ultrasonic Transducer; Ultrasonics; Ultrasonography; Validation; Wireless Technology; biomaterial compatibility; brain parenchyma; data exchange; density; design; failure Implantation; flexibility; hemodynamics; image guided; imaging capabilities; implantation; millimeter; millisecond; minimally invasive; nervous system disorder; neural stimulation; neuroregulation; neurotechnology; operation; parylene C; prevent; relating to nervous system; research and development; response; spatiotemporal; technology development; tool; Acoustics; Animals; Biological; Brain; Brain region; Chemicals; Cicatrix; Cognitive; Complex; Data; Development; Devices; Disease; Electrocorticogram; Electrodes; Electromagnetics; Electrophysiology (science); Emotions; Esthesia; Failure; Fiber Optics; Film; Focused Ultrasound; Frequencies; Future; Geometry; Goals; Human; Hybrids; Image; Implant; Injury; Knowledge; Light; Link; Liquid substance; Measures; Methods; Modality; Monitor; Motor; Neurons; Optics; Pattern; Penetration; Performance; Pharmacology; Resolution; Safety; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Site; Specificity; Structure; Surface; System; Technology; Telemetry; Testing; Thick; Thinness; Time; Tissue imaging; Tissues; Transducers; Ultrasonic Transducer; Ultrasonics; Ultrasonography; Validation; Wireless Technology; biomaterial compatibility; brain parenchyma; data exchange; density; design; failure Implantation; flexibility; hemodynamics; image guided; imaging capabilities; implantation; millimeter; millisecond; minimally invasive; nervous system disorder; neural stimulation; neuroregulation; neurotechnology; operation; parylene C; prevent; relating to nervous system; research and development; response; spatiotemporal; technology development; tool

Project Summary: Dynamic mapping of complex brain circuits by monitoring and modulating brain activity at large scale will enhance our understanding of brain functions, such as sensation, thought, emotion, and action. This knowledge will ultimately help to better treat and prevent neurological disorders. Real-time interfacing with the brain also has the potential to enhance our perceptual, motor, and cognitive capabilities, as well as to restore sensory and motor functions lost through injuries or diseases. Despite decades of research and development of neurotechnologies for the brain, unfortunately monitoring and modulation of brain activity with high spatiotemporal resolution at large scale is still one of the grand challenges in the 21st century. Currently, neuromodulation can be achieved with different modalities from pharmacological and chemical methods, which lack specificity, to electrical, electromagnetic, optical, and acoustic methods with higher specificity. Similarly, neural activity can be monitored with different indirect (through imaging hemodynamic changes) or direct (electrophysiology recording) methods with various spatiotemporal resolution and spatial coverage. Unfortunately, available non-invasive tools for brain interfacing suffer from poor spatiotemporal resolution. Implantable methods are extremely invasive, requiring penetration of devices (e.g. electrodes, optic fibers) into the brain parenchyma with scar tissue formation, long-term damage, and biological responses that can result in implantation failure over time. More importantly, current implantable methods can only be applied to hundreds of neurons out of ~85 billion neurons in the human brain. We propose a new paradigm for large-scale neural interfacing by developing a new bidirectional neural- interface platform in that a network of minimally invasive, hybrid electrical-acoustic implants are distributed over the brain surface. These implants will 1) be small (millimeter scale), light, free-floating, addressable, and wireless, 2) simultaneously provide high-density electrophysiology recording (µECOG) and ultrasonic stimulation with high spatiotemporal resolution of several micrometers and milliseconds, 3) stimulate different distributed regions of the brain parenchyma through focusing an ultrasonic beam by an array of thin-film ultrasonic transducers (without penetration into the brain parenchyma), and 4) acoustically guide both µECOG recording and ultrasonic stimulation by imaging neural structure under the implant.

项目摘要： 通过监测和调节大脑活动的大脑电路的动态映射将 增强我们对大脑功能的理解，例如感觉，思想，情感和动作。 知识最终将有助于更好地治疗和预防神经系统疾病。实时与 大脑还具有增强我们的感知，运动和认知能力的潜力，并恢复 感官和运动功能因受伤或疾病而丧失。尽管经过数十年的研究和发展 不幸的是，对大脑的神经技术的监测和调节 大规模的时空分辨率仍然是21世纪的巨大挑战之一。 目前，可以通过药物和化学的不同方式来实现神经调节 缺乏特异性的方法，具有较高的电磁，光学，光学和声学方法 特异性。同样，可以通过不同的间接监测神经活动（通过成像血液动力学 更改）或具有各种时空分辨率和空间的直接（电生理记录）方法 覆盖范围。不幸的是，可用的非侵入性工具用于大脑接口的时空差差 解决。可植入的方法极具侵入性，需要渗透设备（例如电极，光学电极 纤维）进入大脑实质，并具有疤痕组织形成，长期损害和生物学反应 会导致随着时间的流逝导致植入失败。更重要的是，当前可植入的方法只能应用 在人脑中约有850亿个神经元中的数百个神经元。 我们提出了一个新的范式，用于通过开发新的双向神经 - 界面平台在一个微创，混合电气声不确定的网络中分布 在大脑表面上。这些即将1）很小（毫米比例），轻，自由浮动，可寻址和 无线，2）只需提供高密度电生理记录（µECOG）和超声波 刺激几微米和毫秒的高空间时间分辨率，3）刺激不同 脑实质的分布区域通过将超声梁通过一系列薄膜聚焦 超声波传感器（没有渗透到脑实质中），4）声学指导两个µEcog 通过成像植入物下的神经元结构进行记录和超声模拟。