The role of sound deprivation on central processing of masking

声音剥夺对掩蔽中央处理的作用

• 批准号: 8754674
• 负责人: Antje Ihlefeld
• 金额: $ 15.85万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-01 至 2017-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8754674
• 关键词: Accounting; Affect; Animal Model; Animals; Auditory; Auditory area; Auditory system; Behavior; Behavioral; Bilateral; CNS processing; Cochlear Implants; Code; Communication; Conductive hearing loss; Control Animal; Cues; Detection; Esthesia; Frequencies; Gerbils; Goals; Hearing; Hearing Aids; Human; Implanted Electrodes; Individual; Jird; Knowledge; Lead; Link; Masks; Measures; Neuraxis; Neurons; Noise; Otitis Media; Outcome; Pathology processes; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Peripheral; Physiology; Play; Procedures; Process; Property; Psychoacoustics; Psychometrics; Rehabilitation therapy; Role; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Source; Speech; Synapses; Synaptic Membranes; Testing; Therapeutic; Time; Training; Work; auditory deprivation; awake; base; combat; deprivation; experience; hearing impairment; improved; in vivo; indexing; neurophysiology; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; remediation; research study; response; sound; stem

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A major challenge for hearing-impaired listeners and cochlear implant users is to detect and understand speech in situations with background sound. Detecting a target sound in background noise is often easier when the background energy is non-stationary and fluctuates over time. Normal-hearing listeners can accomplish this feat by extracting target information during temporary reductions in background sound energy, a benefit known as modulation masking release (MMR). MMR is much reduced or absent in the hearing impaired. This proposal aims to identify behavioral and neuronal mechanisms for MMR, and examine how sound deprivation affects them. I believe that the results emanating from this proposal will considerably further our understanding of how hearing loss affects our capacity to combat masking, and help develop remediation strategies for hearing loss. Some of the difficulties facing hearing-impaired listeners stem not only from degraded sensory input but also from an altered central auditory system along the entire neuraxis. Because the effect of sound deprivation on MMR is poorly understood, a necessary first step is to explore how the detection of tones in noise is performed by a model organism of human auditory processing, the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). We lack comprehensive knowledge that may link perception and neuronal activity associated with MMR. By combining empirical approaches in psychoacoustics and in-vivo physiology recordings from awake animals, my key goal is to improve our understanding on how the sound deprived central auditory system processes a challenging task such as MMR. First, I will train sound-deprived animals to detect a tone in noise backgrounds, and compare their performance to normal-hearing controls. Second, I will measure neuronal activity in core auditory cortex from these trained animals. The discharge patterns will reveal how controls detect a tone in fluctuating background sound and whether altered discharge patterns occur in CHL that correlate with hearing- loss related behavioral deficits. Collectively, this proposal will assess how sound deprivation affects MMR at both perceptual and cortical processing levels. The results are expected to significantly advance our understanding of the origins and scope of central processing deficits amongst the hearing impaired.

描述（由申请人提供）：听力受损的听众和人工耳蜗用户面临的主要挑战是在有背景声音的情况下检测和理解语音。当背景能量不稳定且随时间波动时，在背景噪声中检测目标声音通常更容易。听力正常的听众可以通过在背景声音能量暂时减少期间提取目标信息来实现这一壮举，这种好处称为调制掩蔽释放 (MMR)。听力受损者的 MMR 大大降低或消失。该提案旨在确定 MMR 的行为和神经机制，并研究声音剥夺如何影响它们。我相信，该提案的结果将大大加深我们对听力损失如何影响我们对抗掩蔽能力的理解，并有助于制定听力损失的补救策略。听力受损的听众面临的一些困难不仅源于感觉输入的退化，还源于整个神经轴的中枢听觉系统的改变。由于人们对声音剥夺对 MMR 的影响知之甚少，因此必要的第一步是探索人类听觉处理的模型生物——蒙古沙鼠（Meriones unguiculatus）如何检测噪声中的音调。我们缺乏可能将与 MMR 相关的感知和神经元活动联系起来的全面知识。通过结合心理声学的经验方法和清醒动物的体内生理学记录，我的主要目标是提高我们对声音剥夺的中枢听觉系统如何处理诸如 MMR 之类的挑战性任务的理解。首先，我将训练被剥夺声音的动物检测噪音背景中的音调，并将它们的表现与正常听力对照进行比较。其次，我将测量这些受过训练的动物的核心听觉皮层的神经元活动。放电模式将揭示对照如何检测波动的背景声音中的音调，以及CHL中是否发生与听力损失相关的行为缺陷相关的改变的放电模式。总的来说，该提案将评估声音剥夺如何在感知和皮质处理水平上影响 MMR。研究结果预计将显着增进我们对听力受损者中央处理缺陷的起源和范围的理解。