The effect of an electronic cigarette (ECIG) sweetener, sucralose, on ECIG abuse liability

电子烟 (ECIG) 甜味剂三氯蔗糖对 ECIG 滥用倾向的影响

基本信息

批准号：
9883625
负责人：
Sarah Francis Maloney
金额：
$ 3.99万
依托单位：
VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-03-10 至 2022-03-09
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9883625
关键词：
Address Aerosols Affect Aldehydes Area Behavior Behavioral Berry Blood Candy Categories Chemicals Cigarette Cigarette Smoker Clinical Country Dependence Devices Drug abuse Electronic cigarette Elements Epidemiology Food Fruit Furans Guidelines Health Heating Human Ice Cream Individual Inhalation Irritants Laboratory Research Learning Liquid substance Measures Menthol Methodology Methods Nicotine Nicotine Dependence Outcome Outcome Measure Participant Pharmaceutical Preparations Policies Prevalence Procedures Psychopharmacology Public Health Publishing Records Regulation Reporting Research Research Personnel Research Training Risk Self Administration Smoker Sweetening Agents Techniques Technology Tobacco Toxicant exposure Toxicology Training Ursidae Family Work base behavioral economics behavioral pharmacology career clinical epidemiology design e-cigarette aerosols electronic cigarette use electronic cigarette user electronic liquid falls liquid nicotine multidrug abuse nicotine user novel primary outcome respiratory tobacco products toxicant vapor

项目摘要

Project Summary/Abstract Electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) are a novel class of tobacco products that vaporize a liquid, often containing nicotine, into an aerosol that users inhale. ECIG popularity is increasing in the US and the growing number of ECIG users reporting frequent, daily use suggests that these products may have tobacco cigarette-like abuse liability. ECIG abuse liability could be influenced by factors that impact nicotine delivery, such as device power, liquid nicotine concentration, and user puffing behavior such as puff number and duration (i.e., puff topography). Another factor that likely influences ECIG abuse liability is flavor, and there are over 7,000 unique ECIG liquid flavors available on the US market many of which are sweet flavors. Not surprisingly, many of these liquids use added sweeteners such as sucralose. Perceived sweetness increases ECIG appeal and thus may enhance ECIG abuse liability. The current study has two aims. Aim 1 will use multiple clinical abuse liability assessments to determine how a common ECIG liquid sweetener, sucralose, influences ECIG abuse liability in cigarette smokers using a within subjects, Latin-square order design. Participants will come to the clinical behavioral psychopharmacology research laboratory to complete five sessions that include an own brand cigarette positive control and four ECIG conditions all using a 30 Watt ECIG filled with liquid that is either 0 or 6 mg/ml nicotine and is either unsweetened or sweetened with sucralose. Abuse liability will be measure via a progressive-ratio task (PRT), modified CPT, blood nicotine delivery, and multiple subjective state measures. Aim 2 will investigate how sweeteners influence toxicant yield using puffing behaviors recorded in Aim 1. Using playback technology, puff topography for participants in Aim 1 will be used to generate aerosols that will be analyzed for aldehydes, furans, and chloropropanols. The primary hypotheses are that 1) PRT breakpoint will increase with liquid nicotine and with sweetener, such that participants will perform more work for puffs when using the 6 mg/ml, sweetened liquid, though the greatest breakpoint will be observed for puffs from own brand cigarettes and 2) that sucralose will increase aerosol toxicants as a result of thermal degradation and longer and larger puffs. Results will address factors influencing ECIG user dependence and health risks and may inform ECIG regulation. Furthermore, the current proposal contains a comprehensive training plan that will advance the applicant's expertise in the areas of clinical behavioral pharmacology, clinical epidemiology, drug policy, and psychopharmacology, and will also provide the applicant with the opportunity to learn new techniques and methodologies in behavioral economics, chemical toxicology, and epidemiology that will be invaluable as they pursue a career as an independent, poly-drug abuse researcher.

项目概要/摘要电子烟 (ECIG) 是一类新型烟草产品，可蒸发液体，通常含有尼古丁转化为使用者吸入的气雾剂。 ECIG 在美国越来越受欢迎，并且越来越多的人 ECIG 用户报告频繁、日常使用表明这些产品可能具有类似烟草的滥用责任。 ECIG 滥用责任可能会受到影响尼古丁输送的因素的影响，例如设备电源、液体尼古丁浓度以及用户的抽吸行为，例如抽吸次数和持续时间（即抽吸次数）地形）。另一个可能影响 ECIG 滥用倾向的因素是口味，有超过 7,000 种独特的口味。美国市场上有售的ECIG液体香料其中许多是甜味剂。毫不奇怪，许多这些液体使用添加甜味剂，例如三氯蔗糖。感知到的甜味增加了 ECIG 吸引力，从而可能会增加 ECIG 滥用的责任。目前的研究有两个目的。目标 1 将使用多种临床滥用责任评估，以确定常见的 ECIG 液体甜味剂（三氯蔗糖）如何影响 ECIG 滥用使用受试者内拉丁方顺序设计来评估吸烟者的责任。参加者将来到临床行为精神药理学研究实验室完成五个课程，其中包括自己的品牌卷烟阳性对照和四种 ECIG 条件均使用 30 瓦 ECIG 填充液体，该液体为 0 或 6 毫克/毫升尼古丁，不加糖或用三氯蔗糖加甜。滥用责任将受到衡量通过渐进比例任务 (PRT)、改良 CPT、血液尼古丁输送和多种主观状态措施。目标 2 将利用记录的膨化行为来研究甜味剂如何影响有毒物质的产生目标 1. 使用回放技术，目标 1 中参与者的喷烟地形将用于产生气溶胶将分析醛、呋喃和氯丙醇。主要假设是 1) PRT 液体尼古丁和甜味剂的作用点会增加，这样参与者就会做更多的工作对于泡芙，当使用 6 mg/ml 的甜味液体时，尽管泡芙会观察到最大的断点来自自有品牌香烟，2) 三氯蔗糖会因热作用而增加气溶胶有毒物质降解以及更长更大的泡芙。结果将解决影响 ECIG 用户依赖的因素和健康风险，并可能告知 ECIG 监管。此外，当前的提案包含全面的培训计划将提高申请人在临床行为药理学领域的专业知识，临床流行病学、药物政策和精神药理学，还将为申请人提供有机会学习行为经济学、化学毒理学等方面的新技术和方法当他们追求独立的多种药物滥用研究人员的职业生涯时，流行病学将是无价的。