Community Policing and Alcohol-Involved Crime

社区警务和酒精相关犯罪

• 批准号: 8769655
• 负责人: Paul Heaton
• 金额: $ 10.02万
• 依托单位: RAND CORPORATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-05 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8769655
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Alcohols; Attention; Characteristics; Communities; Crime; Data; Domestic Violence; Event; Frequencies; Geographic state; Investments; Law Enforcement; Measures; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Police; Prevention; Public Health; Research; Research Design; Texas; Variant; Violence; Work; cost; design; exhibitions; prevent; programs; public health relevance

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The rise in community policing programs during the 1990s has led many local law enforcement agencies to regularly organize community events targeted at preventing crime, including the more than 3 million annual alcohol-related crimes that generate an estimated $84 billion in annual costs. Examples of such events include block parties, educational seminars, and police exhibitions. Although such police-led community events are widely viewed as an important component of a broader community policing strategy, little is known about how such activities affect alcohol-involved crime. This project will use detailed daily crime data across numerous U.S. jurisdictions to examine the relationship between police/community crime prevention events and alcohol- involved crime. Our analysis will address the following questions: 1) Do police-led community events reduce DUI, alcohol-involved crime, or other crimes? 2) How long do the crime-reducing effects of these events last? 3) Does the impact of community policing events vary according to the characteristics of the community or law enforcement agency? 4) What are the costs of crime avoided by effective community policing events? Theoretically it seems plausible that enhanced police-community engagement might allow police to more effectively prevent and investigate crime. However, existing empirical studies do not capture the causal effect of community policing on crime, nor do they permit practitioners to understand how a strategy such as convening police-led public events might contribute to an overall public health approach to reducing alcohol and drug-related crime and violence. Moreover, despite the fact that community policing events often include components designed to reduce substance misuse, work on the effects of community policing has focused on violent and Part I crime, with little attention given to alcohol or drug-related crime. This study seeks to measure the impacts of policing events by employing high-frequency data that specifically identifies incidents of alcohol and drug-related crime and domestic violence. It exploits variation arising from the National Night Out (NNO) program, during which police/community events are organized across thousands of communities and held each year on the same date. NNO events are held on a different date in Texas than in other U.S. states, furnishing an opportunity to measure the effects of community policing events using a differences-in-differences research design. In addition to providing more credible empirical estimates of the effects of police-led events, the study will demonstrate whether such events are more effective in certain types of communities or at addressing particular types of crime. This research will allow policymakers, police chiefs, and the public to better understand whether and how police-led crime prevention events can enhance public health by reducing alcohol-involved crime and violence. It will also allow stakeholders to better calculate the return on investment from organizing such community policing events.

描述（由申请人提供）：20 世纪 90 年代社区警务计划的兴起导致许多地方执法机构定期组织旨在预防犯罪的社区活动，其中包括每年超过 300 万起与酒精相关的犯罪，这些犯罪估计产生了 840 亿美元的收入在年度成本中。此类活动的例子包括街区聚会、教育研讨会和警察展览。尽管此类由警察主导的社区活动被广泛视为更广泛的社区治安策略的重要组成部分，但人们对此类活动如何影响酒精相关犯罪知之甚少。该项目将使用美国多个司法管辖区的详细日常犯罪数据来研究警察/社区犯罪预防事件与酒精相关犯罪之间的关系。我们的分析将解决以下问题：1）警察主导的社区活动是否会减少酒后驾车、酒精相关犯罪或其他犯罪？ 2) 这些事件减少犯罪的效果能持续多久？ 3) 社区警务事件的影响是否因社区或执法机构的特点而异？ 4) 有效的社区治安活动可以避免犯罪成本是多少？ 从理论上讲，加强警察与社区的接触可能会让警察更有效地预防和调查犯罪，这似乎是合理的。然而，现有的实证研究并没有捕捉到社区治安对犯罪的因果影响，也不允许从业者了解诸如召开警察主导的公共活动等策略如何有助于减少酒精和毒品相关的整体公共卫生方法犯罪和暴力。此外，尽管社区警务活动通常包括旨在减少药物滥用的组成部分，但社区警务影响的工作主要集中在暴力和第一部分犯罪，而很少关注与酒精或毒品相关的犯罪。 本研究旨在通过使用专门识别酒精和毒品相关犯罪以及家庭暴力事件的高频数据来衡量治安事件的影响。它利用了全国夜间外出 (NNO) 计划中产生的变化，在此期间，警察/社区活动在数千个社区组织，并每年在同一天举行。 NNO 活动在德克萨斯州举行的日期与美国其他州不同，这提供了使用双重差异研究设计来衡量社区警务活动影响的机会。除了对警察主导的事件的影响提供更可信的经验估计外，该研究还将证明此类事件在某些类型的社区或解决特定类型的犯罪方面是否更有效。 这项研究将使政策制定者、警察局长和公众更好地了解警察主导的犯罪预防活动是否以及如何通过减少与酒精有关的犯罪和暴力来增强公共健康。它还将使利益相关者能够更好地计算组织此类社区警务活动的投资回报。