A Control Theoretic Approach to Addressing Hippocampal Function

解决海马功能的控制理论方法

基本信息

批准号：
9364446
负责人：
Noah John Cowan
金额：
$ 41.38万
依托单位：
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-08-01 至 2022-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9364446
关键词：
Address Alzheimer&apos s Disease Animals Anterior Area Behavior Binding Biological Models Brain Cell Nucleus Cells Characteristics Cognition Cognitive Conflict (Psychology)Conscious Cues Disease Dorsal Elements Engineering Environment Event Feedback Foundations Hallucinations Head Hippocampal Formation Hippocampus (Brain)Individual Investigation Learning Location Locomotion Maps Measurable Memory Memory Loss Mental disorders Modeling Motion Motor Movement Neurobiology Neurodegenerative Disorders Neurosciences Output Perception Plasticizers Population Positioning Attribute Problem Solving Process Rattus Research Rodent Role Schizophrenia Sensory Series Signal Transduction Source Speed Stroke System Systems Integration Systems Theory Technology Testing Thalamic structure Thinking Time Training Update Vision Visual cognitive control design and construction episodic like memory expectation experience experimental study insight nervous system disorder neuromechanism neurophysiology novel novel strategies optic flow phenomenological models prevent programs relating to nervous system sensory input spatial relationship spatiotemporal vector virtual reality visual control visual feedback

Address Alzheimer&apos s Disease Animals Anterior Area Behavior Binding Biological Models Brain Cell Nucleus Cells Characteristics Cognition Cognitive Conflict (Psychology)Conscious Cues Disease Dorsal Elements Engineering Environment Event Feedback Foundations Hallucinations Head Hippocampal Formation Hippocampus (Brain)Individual Investigation Learning Location Locomotion Maps Measurable Memory Memory Loss Mental disorders Modeling Motion Motor Movement Neurobiology Neurodegenerative Disorders Neurosciences Output Perception Plasticizers Population Positioning Attribute Problem Solving Process Rattus Research Rodent Role Schizophrenia Sensory Series Signal Transduction Source Speed Stroke System Systems Integration Systems Theory Technology Testing Thalamic structure Thinking Time Training Update Vision Visual cognitive control design and construction episodic like memory expectation experience experimental study insight nervous system disorder neuromechanism neurophysiology novel novel strategies optic flow phenomenological models prevent programs relating to nervous system sensory input spatial relationship spatiotemporal vector virtual reality visual control visual feedback

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项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY The hippocampal formation is critically involved in learning and memory. Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s Disease dramatically impact this area, leading to severe and progressive memory loss. The hippocampus appears to be the locus of an allocentric, cognitive map of the external world. This map is critical not only for spatial cognition, but also for the conscious recollection of past experience. The hippocampus is thought to bind the individual items and events of experience within a coherent spatiotemporal framework, allowing the experience to be stored and retrieved as a conscious memory. Decades of investigation of hippocampal place cells and the recent discovery of grid cells have revealed that this cognitive map arises from the interaction of external sensory inputs with endogenously generated neural dynamics (underlying the navigational strategy known as “path integration”). Classical neurophysiological studies with behaving animals have amply characterized the powerful influence of environmental landmarks on the firing locations of these spatial cells. Extending this approach to quantitatively investigate the internal processes of path integration has proven technically challenging. Virtual reality technology, in combination with systems theory, offers opportunities to solve these problems. We have designed and constructed a novel apparatus that allows us to manipulate the visual inputs (both landmarks and optic flow) available to a rat navigating a real circular track as a function of its movements, while preserving normal ambulatory and vestibular experience. Place cells recorded in this apparatus replicate known standard phenomenology. In preliminary experiments, we induced a sustained, increasing conflict between landmark information and path integration. Results demonstrate the capacity of the system to recalibrate the path integrator when challenged with this sustained conflict. Further, we have developed a novel approach for isolating the contribution of optic flow and other self-motion cues to the update of the neural representation of position, free of the competing influence of landmarks. Specifically, we have developed an online population decoder, and used the decoded output to control this cognitive representation during behavior through real-time feedback manipulations of the optic flow. This approach will form the foundation of a novel research program aimed at a comprehensive analysis of the external vs. internal determinants of the cognitive map. Furthermore, this program promises to reveal important principles of neural computation relevant to general problems of how the brain integrates external sensory input with internal, cognitive representations, ultimately generating insights into the disordered thinking and hallucinations that are characteristic of schizophrenia and other mental disorders. 1

项目摘要海马形成至关重要地参与学习和记忆。神经退行性疾病，例如阿尔茨海默氏病极大地影响了这一地区，导致严重和渐进的记忆力丧失。海马似乎是外部世界的同类认知图的所在地。这张地图很关键不仅是为了空间认知，而且是为了有意识地回忆过去的经验。海马是被认为可以在连贯的时空框架内绑定各个项目和经验事件，允许将体验作为有意识的记忆存储和检索。数十年的调查海马位置细胞和最近发现网格细胞的发现表明，该认知图是由外部感觉输入与内源性产生的神经动力学的相互作用（依据导航策略称为“路径集成”）。与行为动物的经典神经生理学研究充分表现了环境地标对这些射击位置的强大影响空间细胞。扩展这种方法以定量研究路径集成的内部过程已有在技术上挑战。虚拟现实技术与系统理论相结合，提供机会解决这些问题。我们设计和构建了一个新型设备，使我们能够操纵可用的视觉输入（既有地标和视频流）可用于导航真正的圆形轨道的函数运动，同时保留正常的卧床和前庭经验。在此记录的位置单元格设备复制已知的标准现象学。在初步实验中，我们引起了一个持续的，增加具有里程碑意义的信息与路径整合之间的冲突。结果证明了能力在面对这种持续冲突的挑战时，可以重新校准路径积分器的系统。此外，我们已经发展了一种新颖的方法，用于隔离视力流和其他自我运动提示对中性的更新的贡献位置的代表，没有地标的竞争影响。具体来说，我们已经开发了在线人口解码器，并使用解码的输出来控制行为期间的认知表示通过实时反馈操纵视频流。这种方法将构成小说的基础研究计划旨在全面分析认知的外部和内部决定者地图。此外，该计划有望揭示与一般性有关的重要原理大脑如何将外部感觉输入与内部认知表示形式相结合的问题，最终对精神分裂症的特征和幻觉产生洞察力其他精神障碍。 1