A high brightness microstructured anode X-ray source for clinical phase contrast imaging

用于临床相差成像的高亮度微结构阳极X射线源

基本信息

批准号：
9543634
负责人：
Wenbing Yun
金额：
$ 94.22万
依托单位：
SIGRAY, INC.
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2015-08-01 至 2019-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9543634
关键词：
American Anodes Belief Clinical Clinics and Hospitals Data Set Degenerative polyarthritis Development Diagnosis Diagnostic Diagnostic radiologic examination Diamond Disease Dose Early Diagnosis Electrons Elements Ensure Equipment Face Feedback Finger joint structure Goals Image Imagery Imaging Techniques Individual Interferometry Laboratories Lighting Mechanics Methods Modeling Monitor Nature Output Patients Performance Phase Physics Process Property Radiation Radiation Dosage Roentgen Rays Sample Size Screening for cancer Soft Tissue Disorder Solid Source Specific qualifier value Spottings Structure Survival Rate Synchrotrons System Techniques Temperature Testing Therapeutic Thermal Conductivity Time Tungsten Vacuum Woman Work absorption accurate diagnosis base bioimaging clinical application clinically relevant commercialization contrast imaging density design disease diagnosis dosage improved innovation malignant breast neoplasm novel performance tests pre-clinical prototype screening soft tissue success treatment effect treatment planning

项目摘要

X-ray phase contrast imaging (XPCI) is widely regarded as one of the most exciting techniques to have emerged in x-ray physics, and has potential to significantly change the face of biomedical imaging. XPCI, which is based on the refraction of X-rays rather than their absorption, can provide up to 1000 times greater contrast in soft tissues than absorption contrast, which is the current method employed by x-ray equipment. The technique offers enormous potential for earlier diagnosis of diseases and visualization of features currently not visible through conventional techniques, as well as dramatic reduction in dosage to enable safer screening for cancer. Of the several approaches to XPCI, Talbot interferometry is considered to have the most potential for clinical use, as it does not require a synchrotron source. However, the current approach to Talbot phase contrast requires a grating placed near a conventional laboratory X-ray source (the addition of the source grating is called the Talbot-Lau technique). This has led to limits on the X-ray energies used in Talbot-Lau interferometers of less than <20 keV, which has restricted its use (35-80 keV being more optimal for clinical applications), in addition to reduced source efficiency. We propose to develop a high brightness X-ray source that is optimized to enable clinical Talbot interferometers at the higher energies that are relevant to clinical applications. The source employs a novel microstructured anode, which is comprised of an array of tungsten micron-sized X-ray emitters embedded in a material of excellent thermal conductivity and low density (diamond). These micro-emitters act as an array of small sources, which would remove the need for the source grating, and the inclusion of diamond provides superior thermal properties for high brightness. The proposed Phase I 9-month project is a proof-of-principle demonstration that the novel microstructured anode can be manufactured and would provide the desired thermal benefits and x-ray output, and the proposed Phase II 24-month project would produce two working prototypes of the source.

X射线相对比成像（XPCI）被广泛认为是出现的最令人兴奋的技术之一在X射线物理学中，有可能显着改变生物医学成像的面孔。 XPCI，基于关于X射线而不是吸收的折射，可提供多达1000倍的对比度在软组织中，比吸收对比度是X射线设备采用的当前方法。这技术为早期诊断疾病和目前尚未的功能可视化提供了巨大的潜力通过常规技术可见，并急剧降低剂量以实现更安全的筛查用于癌症。在XPCI的几种方法中，Talbot干涉法被认为具有最大的潜力用于临床使用，因为它不需要同步器源。但是，当前的塔尔伯特阶段方法对比需要在常规实验室X射线源附近放置光栅（添加源光栅称为Talbot-Lau技术）。这导致限制了Talbot-Lau中使用的X射线能量小于<20 KEV的干涉仪限制了其使用（35-80 KEV对临床更为最佳应用），除了降低源效率外。我们建议开发高亮度X射线源，该来源已进行了优化以实现临床talbot 与临床应用相关的较高能量的干涉仪。来源采用小说微结构阳极，该阳极由嵌入在A 优异的热导率和低密度（钻石）的材料。这些微型发射器充当小型来源，这将消除对源光栅的需求，钻石的包含高亮度的优质热特性。提议的I期9个月项目是新型微观结构的原理证明可以制造阳极，并提供所需的热益处和X射线输出，以及拟议的II期24个月项目将产生两个源的工作原型。