A high brightness microstructured anode X-ray source for clinical phase contrast imaging

用于临床相差成像的高亮度微结构阳极X射线源

• 批准号: 9543634
• 负责人: Wenbing Yun
• 金额: $ 94.22万
• 依托单位: SIGRAY, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-01 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9543634
• 关键词: American; Anodes; Belief; Clinical; Clinics and Hospitals; Data Set; Degenerative polyarthritis; Development; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Diagnostic radiologic examination; Diamond; Disease; Dose; Early Diagnosis; Electrons; Elements; Ensure; Equipment; Face; Feedback; Finger joint structure; Goals; Image; Imagery; Imaging Techniques; Individual; Interferometry; Laboratories; Lighting; Mechanics; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Nature; Output; Patients; Performance; Phase; Physics; Process; Property; Radiation; Radiation Dosage; Roentgen Rays; Sample Size; Screening for cancer; Soft Tissue Disorder; Solid; Source; Specific qualifier value; Spottings; Structure; Survival Rate; Synchrotrons; System; Techniques; Temperature; Testing; Therapeutic; Thermal Conductivity; Time; Tungsten; Vacuum; Woman; Work; absorption; accurate diagnosis; base; bioimaging; clinical application; clinically relevant; commercialization; contrast imaging; density; design; disease diagnosis; dosage; improved; innovation; malignant breast neoplasm; novel; performance tests; pre-clinical; prototype; screening; soft tissue; success; treatment effect; treatment planning

X-ray phase contrast imaging (XPCI) is widely regarded as one of the most exciting techniques to have emerged in x-ray physics, and has potential to significantly change the face of biomedical imaging. XPCI, which is based on the refraction of X-rays rather than their absorption, can provide up to 1000 times greater contrast in soft tissues than absorption contrast, which is the current method employed by x-ray equipment. The technique offers enormous potential for earlier diagnosis of diseases and visualization of features currently not visible through conventional techniques, as well as dramatic reduction in dosage to enable safer screening for cancer. Of the several approaches to XPCI, Talbot interferometry is considered to have the most potential for clinical use, as it does not require a synchrotron source. However, the current approach to Talbot phase contrast requires a grating placed near a conventional laboratory X-ray source (the addition of the source grating is called the Talbot-Lau technique). This has led to limits on the X-ray energies used in Talbot-Lau interferometers of less than <20 keV, which has restricted its use (35-80 keV being more optimal for clinical applications), in addition to reduced source efficiency. We propose to develop a high brightness X-ray source that is optimized to enable clinical Talbot interferometers at the higher energies that are relevant to clinical applications. The source employs a novel microstructured anode, which is comprised of an array of tungsten micron-sized X-ray emitters embedded in a material of excellent thermal conductivity and low density (diamond). These micro-emitters act as an array of small sources, which would remove the need for the source grating, and the inclusion of diamond provides superior thermal properties for high brightness. The proposed Phase I 9-month project is a proof-of-principle demonstration that the novel microstructured anode can be manufactured and would provide the desired thermal benefits and x-ray output, and the proposed Phase II 24-month project would produce two working prototypes of the source.

X 射线相衬成像 (XPCI) 被广泛认为是最令人兴奋的技术之一 X 射线物理学领域，有可能显着改变生物医学成像的面貌。 XPCI，它基于 基于 X 射线的折射而不是吸收，可以提供高达 1000 倍的对比度 在软组织中，吸收对比是 X 射线设备当前采用的方法。这 技术为疾病的早期诊断和目前尚未实现的特征可视化提供了巨大的潜力 通过传统技术可见，并大幅减少剂量以实现更安全的筛查 对于癌症。在 XPCI 的几种方法中，塔尔博特干涉测量法被认为最具潜力 用于临床，因为它不需要同步加速器源。然而，目前 Talbot 阶段的方法 对比需要在传统实验室 X 射线源附近放置光栅（添加源 光栅称为 Talbot-Lau 技术）。这导致 Talbot-Lau 中使用的 X 射线能量受到限制 小于<20 keV的干涉仪，这限制了其使用（35-80 keV更适合临床 应用程序），此外还降低了源效率。 我们建议开发一种经过优化的高亮度 X 射线源，以实现临床 Talbot 与临床应用相关的较高能量的干涉仪。来源采用了小说 微结构阳极，由嵌入在一个微米尺寸的钨 X 射线发射器阵列组成 导热性能优良、密度低的材料（金刚石）。这些微型发射器充当阵列 小源，这将消除对源光栅的需要，并且包含金刚石提供 卓越的热性能，实现高亮度。 拟议的第一阶段为期 9 个月的项目是一个原理验证演示，表明新型微结构 可以制造阳极并提供所需的热效益和 X 射线输出，并且 拟议的第二阶段 24 个月项目将生产两个源工作原型。