American Sign Language Vocabulary Acquisition

美国手语词汇习得

• 批准号: 9304717
• 负责人: Naomi K. Caselli
• 金额: $ 17.76万
• 依托单位: BOSTON UNIVERSITY (CHARLES RIVER CAMPUS)
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-02-07 至 2020-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9304717
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Age; American Sign Language; Benchmarking; Birth; Body part; Characteristics; Child; Cognition; Comprehension; Controlled Study; Data; Databases; Development; Elements; Exposure to; Family; Frequencies; Goals; Hand; Hearing; Hearing Impaired Persons; Intervention; Language; Language Delays; Language Development; Learning; Light; Location; Manuals; Nature; Neighborhoods; Online Systems; Parents; Persons; Play; Predictive Factor; Procedures; Property; Reporting; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Risk; Role; Shapes; Sign Language; Speech; Students; Technology; Testing; Time; Vocabulary; Work; base; cognitive skill; data acquisition; density; deprivation; experience; experimental study; hearing impairment; insight; interest; lexical; non-Native; phonology; skills; sound; teacher; theories; two-dimensional; web site

Project Summary/Abstract Deaf children are at risk for impoverished and/or delayed exposure to language, spoken or signed. Early vocabulary is a robust predictor of later language development, and understanding the trajectory of vocabulary development in deaf children can help educators and researchers develop interventions to mitigate the risks and effects of language deprivation. Two factors that might play a unique role in sign language vocabulary acquisition are neighborhood density and iconicity. Typically hearing children track statistical information about the sounds of language to acquire new words, and words that sound similar to many other words (have high phonological neighborhood density) are overrepresented in early spoken vocabularies. Sign language phonology is not based on sounds that are sequentially organized but on features like hand configurations and locations that are articulated simultaneously. There is also a dearth of minimal pairs in many sign languages. We ask whether deaf children track statistical information about combinations of manual features as children acquiring spoken language track phonological information about words, or if the nature of sign phonology makes signs more amenable to holistic processing and acquisition. If the former is true, we expect signs with high neighborhood density to be overrepresented in early vocabularies just as in speech acquisition; if the latter is true neighborhood density should not play a role in sign acquisition. The second factor that may play a unique role in sign acquisition is the abundance of iconicity in signed languages. It is unclear whether children can make use of iconic relationships between sign forms and meanings because iconicity is confounded with neighborhood density in sign language. In the proposed study we ask for the first time whether iconicity predicts signed vocabulary acquisition while controlling for neighborhood density and frequency in child-directed speech by using parental reports of children’s ASL vocabulary skills (ASL-CDI). All of the lexical and input factors gathered in this study (expressive and receptive age of acquisition norms, type of iconicity, and frequency in child-directed speech) will be made publically available by integrating with an interactive online database of ASL vocabulary, ASL-LEX. ASL-LEX currently contains information about neighborhood density, degree of iconicity, lexical class, and frequency in adult-directed speech, as well as several other properties. This work will shed light on the factors that shape vocabulary acquisition in native signing children, and will lay the groundwork for understanding vocabulary development in deaf children of hearing parents acquiring sign language later in development.

项目概要/摘要 聋哑儿童面临着接触语言、口语或手语的机会匮乏和/或延迟的风险。 后期语言发展的稳健预测器，并了解聋人词汇发展的轨迹 儿童可以帮助教育工作者和研究人员制定干预措施，以减轻语言剥夺的风险和影响。 在手语词汇习得中可能发挥独特作用的两个因素是邻里密度和象似性。 通常，听力正常的儿童会跟踪有关语言声音的统计信息来习得新单词以及需要学习的单词。 听起来与许多其他单词相似（具有高语音邻域密度）在早期口语中被过度代表 手语音韵学不是基于顺序组织的声音，而是基于手等特征。 在许多星座中也缺乏同时表达的配置和位置。 我们询问聋哑儿童是否会跟踪儿童时期有关手动功能组合的统计信息。 获取口语跟踪有关单词的音系信息，或者手语音系的性质是否会产生手语 更适合整体处理和获取如果前者为真，我们预计具有高邻域的标志。 密度在早期词汇中被过度代表，就像在语音习得中一样，如果后者是真正的邻域密度； 不应在符号获取中发挥作用 第二个可能在符号获取中发挥独特作用的因素是 手语中存在丰富的象似性，目前尚不清楚儿童是否能够利用手语之间的象形关系。 符号形式和含义，因为在提议的符号语言中，象似性与邻域密度相混淆。 研究中，我们首次要求标志性是否可以预测手语词汇的习得，同时控制 通过使用家长对儿童 ASL 词汇的报告来确定儿童定向言语的密度邻域和频率 本研究中收集的所有词汇和输入因素（表达和接受年龄）。 规范、象似性类型以及针对儿童的言语的频率）将通过与 ASL 词汇的交互式在线数据库 ASL-LEX 当前包含有关邻居的信息。 密度、象似性程度、词汇类别和成人语音中的频率，以及其他一些属性。 这项工作将揭示影响母语手语儿童词汇习得的因素，并奠定 理解听力正常的父母的聋哑儿童后来学习手语的词汇发展的基础 发展中。