American Sign Language Vocabulary Acquisition

美国手语词汇习得

• 批准号: 9304717
• 负责人: Naomi K. Caselli
• 金额: $ 17.76万
• 依托单位: BOSTON UNIVERSITY (CHARLES RIVER CAMPUS)
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-02-07 至 2020-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9304717
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Age; American Sign Language; Benchmarking; Birth; Body part; Characteristics; Child; Cognition; Comprehension; Controlled Study; Data; Databases; Development; Elements; Exposure to; Family; Frequencies; Goals; Hand; Hearing; Hearing Impaired Persons; Intervention; Language; Language Delays; Language Development; Learning; Light; Location; Manuals; Nature; Neighborhoods; Online Systems; Parents; Persons; Play; Predictive Factor; Procedures; Property; Reporting; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Risk; Role; Shapes; Sign Language; Speech; Students; Technology; Testing; Time; Vocabulary; Work; base; cognitive skill; data acquisition; density; deprivation; experience; experimental study; hearing impairment; insight; interest; lexical; non-Native; phonology; skills; sound; teacher; theories; two-dimensional; web site

Project Summary/Abstract Deaf children are at risk for impoverished and/or delayed exposure to language, spoken or signed. Early vocabulary is a robust predictor of later language development, and understanding the trajectory of vocabulary development in deaf children can help educators and researchers develop interventions to mitigate the risks and effects of language deprivation. Two factors that might play a unique role in sign language vocabulary acquisition are neighborhood density and iconicity. Typically hearing children track statistical information about the sounds of language to acquire new words, and words that sound similar to many other words (have high phonological neighborhood density) are overrepresented in early spoken vocabularies. Sign language phonology is not based on sounds that are sequentially organized but on features like hand configurations and locations that are articulated simultaneously. There is also a dearth of minimal pairs in many sign languages. We ask whether deaf children track statistical information about combinations of manual features as children acquiring spoken language track phonological information about words, or if the nature of sign phonology makes signs more amenable to holistic processing and acquisition. If the former is true, we expect signs with high neighborhood density to be overrepresented in early vocabularies just as in speech acquisition; if the latter is true neighborhood density should not play a role in sign acquisition. The second factor that may play a unique role in sign acquisition is the abundance of iconicity in signed languages. It is unclear whether children can make use of iconic relationships between sign forms and meanings because iconicity is confounded with neighborhood density in sign language. In the proposed study we ask for the first time whether iconicity predicts signed vocabulary acquisition while controlling for neighborhood density and frequency in child-directed speech by using parental reports of children’s ASL vocabulary skills (ASL-CDI). All of the lexical and input factors gathered in this study (expressive and receptive age of acquisition norms, type of iconicity, and frequency in child-directed speech) will be made publically available by integrating with an interactive online database of ASL vocabulary, ASL-LEX. ASL-LEX currently contains information about neighborhood density, degree of iconicity, lexical class, and frequency in adult-directed speech, as well as several other properties. This work will shed light on the factors that shape vocabulary acquisition in native signing children, and will lay the groundwork for understanding vocabulary development in deaf children of hearing parents acquiring sign language later in development.

项目摘要/摘要 聋哑儿童有贫困和/或延迟使用语言，口语或签名的风险。早期词汇是 强大的预测后来的语言发展，并了解聋人词汇发展的轨迹 儿童可以帮助教育者和研究人员制定干预措施，以减轻语言剥夺的风险和影响。 在手语词汇获取中可能发挥独特作用的两个因素是邻里密度和标志性。 通常听到儿童跟踪有关语言声音以获取新单词的统计信息，以及 听起来类似于许多其他单词（具有高语音邻域密度）的声音在早期口语中的代表过多 词汇。手语语音学不是基于依次组织的声音，而是基于手之类的功能 简单阐明的配置和位置。在许多迹象中，也有最小对的死亡 语言。我们询问聋哑儿童是否跟踪有关儿童手动功能组合的统计信息 获取有关单词的语言语言语言信息信息，或者是否符号的性质发音为标志 更适合整体处理和获取。如果前者是真的，我们期望有高社区的迹象 与语音获取一样，早期嗓音的密度要过高；如果后者是真正的邻里密度 不应该在签名获取中发挥作用。可能在签名中发挥独特作用的第二个因素是 签名语言中的标志性抽象。目前尚不清楚孩子是否可以利用 符号形式和含义是因为标志性与手语中的邻里密度混淆。在提议中 研究我们首次要求标志性预测在控制时是否签署了词汇获取 通过使用儿童ASL词汇的父母报告，邻里密度和频率 技能（ASL-CDI）。本研究收集的所有词汇和输入因素（表达和接受的收购年龄 通过与一个集成，将公开获得规范，标志性的类型和频率） ASL词汇的交互式在线数据库，ASL-LEX。 ASL-LEX当前包含有关邻里的信息 成人指导语音的密度，标志性，词汇类别和频率以及其他几种特性。这 工作将阐明在本地签名儿童中塑造词汇获取的因素，并将 理解聋哑儿童聆听父母的词汇发展的基础工作，以后获得手语 在开发中。