Long-Term Memory-Guided Attention: Development, Environmental Factors, and Neural Underpinnings

长期记忆引导的注意力：发展、环境因素和神经基础

• 批准号: 9256331
• 负责人: Maya Rosen
• 金额: $ 6.11万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-02-01 至 2020-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9256331
• 关键词: Academic achievement; Address; Adolescence; Adult; Affect; Age; Attention; Award; Behavioral; Books; Brain; Cerebellum; Child; Childhood; Cognitive; Complex; Corpus striatum structure; Cues; Development; Diffuse; Early Intervention; Ensure; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Family; Follow-Up Studies; Goals; Gold; Home environment; Human; Impaired cognition; Impairment; Income; Individual Differences; Intervention; Interview; Lateral; Life; Linguistics; Measures; Medial; Mediating; Methods; Neurocognitive; Outcome; Parents; Parietal Lobe; Participant; Pattern; Performance; Postdoctoral Fellow; Poverty; Process; Recruitment Activity; Regulation; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Sampling Studies; Schools; Sensory; Short-Term Memory; Stimulus; System; Techniques; Thalamic structure; Thick; Thinness; Time; Training; Variant; Visual attention; Work; age related; aged; attentional control; base; behavioral study; career; cognitive development; cognitive function; cognitive neuroscience; cognitive task; deprivation; design; early adolescence; environmental enrichment for laboratory animals; experience; follow-up; functional MRI scan; improved; innovation; insight; interest; long term memory; low socioeconomic status; middle childhood; neural correlate; neurodevelopment; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; relating to nervous system; support network; teacher; visual performance; young adult

PROJECT SUMMARY Human attentional capacity is severely limited. Visual performance is enhanced in familiar environments because long-term memory (LTM) can be used to guide visual attention to the most relevant information in the environment. Humans repeatedly encounter familiar environments, and LTM-guided attention allows for more efficient use of cognitive resources. While this process has proved to be a key part of healthy cognitive function, supported by the parietal cortex, cerebellum, striatum, and thalamus in adults, almost nothing is known about how LTM-guided attention develops in children. Furthermore, we know very little about how variation in the environment can affect development of LTM-guided attention. Poverty is associated with delays in cognitive development and impairments in academic performance. The proposed studies aim to provide deeper understanding of the environmental factors that contribute to this disruption in development with a specific interest in LTM-guided attention as a possible underlying mechanism of disparities in cognitive development among children raised in low SES environments. Study 1 of this proposal aims to characterize the developmental pattern of LTM-guided attention in children from a range of SES backgrounds (Aim 1). Study 2 will examine the relationship between lack of cognitive stimulation and environmental complexity, often associated with low SES environments, and development of LTM-guided attention using well-established observational methods of the home environment and of school quality (Aim 2). Study 3 will investigate age- related neural changes in the brain network that supports LTM-guided attention and neural differences related to SES and environmental complexity (Aim 3). The sample for the Study 1 will include 120 typically developing children ages 5-16 years from a range of SES backgrounds. The sample for Study 2 will include 120 children aged 5-6 years, a period of rapid development in attentional control, recruited to ensure substantial variation in family income. Study 2 will involve intensive observation of the home environment, parent interviews, and child cognitive tasks. Study 3 will involve a longitudinal follow-up of participants in Study 1 to undergo structural and functional MRI scanning to gain understanding of the structural and functional associations with LTM-guided attention across development and different SES levels. The results of these studies will provide insight into the cognitive and neural development of LTM-guided attention, a key component of healthy cognitive function. Furthermore, it will contribute to the field's understanding of the factors associated with atypical cognitive and neural development in children raised in poverty. This award will provide the candidate, who has a strong background in cognitive neuroscience in adults, with training in developmental methods and developmental cognitive neuroscience to facilitate her transition to an independent research career.

项目概要 人类的注意力能力受到严重限制。在熟悉的环境中视觉表现得到增强 因为长期记忆（LTM）可以用来引导视觉注意力集中在最相关的信息上。 环境。人类会反复遇到熟悉的环境，LTM 引导的注意力可以让我们获得更多 有效利用认知资源。虽然这一过程已被证明是健康认知的关键部分 成人的功能由顶叶皮层、小脑、纹状体和丘脑支持，几乎没有什么是 了解 LTM 引导的儿童注意力如何发展。此外，我们对如何 环境的变化会影响 LTM 引导注意力的发展。贫困与延误有关 认知发展和学业成绩障碍。拟议的研究旨在提供 更深入地了解导致发展中断的环境因素 对 LTM 引导注意力的特殊兴趣作为认知差异的可能潜在机制 在低社会经济地位环境中长大的儿童的发展。该提案的研究 1 旨在描述 来自不同 SES 背景的儿童的 LTM 引导注意力的发展模式（目标 1）。 研究 2 将检验缺乏认知刺激与环境复杂性之间的关系，通常 与低 SES 环境相关，并使用成熟的 LTM 引导注意力发展 家庭环境和学校质量的观察方法（目标 2）。研究3将调查年龄- 支持 LTM 引导注意力的大脑网络中的相关神经变化和相关神经差异 社会经济地位和环境复杂性（目标 3）。研究 1 的样本将包括 120 个典型开发的样本 来自不同 SES 背景的 5 至 16 岁儿童。研究 2 的样本将包括 120 名儿童 5-6岁，注意力控制快速发展的时期，被招募来确保注意力的显着变化 家庭收入。研究 2 将涉及对家庭环境、家长访谈和孩子的深入观察。 认知任务。研究 3 将涉及研究 1 参与者的纵向随访，以接受结构和 功能性 MRI 扫描，以了解与 LTM 引导的结构和功能关联 跨发展和不同社会经济地位水平的关注。这些研究的结果将提供深入了解 LTM 引导注意力的认知和神经发展，是健康认知功能的关键组成部分。 此外，它将有助于该领域对与非典型认知和非典型认知相关的因素的理解。 贫困儿童的神经发育。该奖项将为候选人提供强大的 具有成人认知神经科学背景，接受过发展方法和发展方面的培训 认知神经科学帮助她过渡到独立研究生涯。