The chemical ecology of conservation and drug discovery

保护和药物发现的化学生态学

• 批准号: 9122520
• 负责人: MARK E HAY
• 金额: $ 21.5万
• 依托单位: GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9122520
• 关键词: Adolescent; Affect; Age; Agricultural Crops; Agriculture; Bacteria; Behavior; Biodiversity; Canes; Chemicals; Collaborations; Collection; Communities; Cues; Data; Development; Disease; Ecology; Ecosystem; Excision; Feedback; Fiji; Fishes; Goals; Growth; Habitats; Implant; Individual; Investments; Laboratories; Larva; Maps; Marines; Mediating; Mediation; Microbe; Natural Products; Organism; Parasites; Pattern; Pharmacologic Substance; Plants; Play; Predatory Behavior; Process; Production; Property; Reaction; Recovery; Recruitment Activity; Resources; Role; Seasons; Seaweed; Services; Site; Speed; Stress; Structure; System; Taxonomy; Testing; Time; Transcription Factor AP-2 Alpha; Water; Work; base; behavior test; commensal microbes; coral; drug discovery; innovation; insight; land use; microbial; microbiome; non-Native; novel; ocean ecosystems; palm oil; pathogen; physical conditioning; programs; research study; response; scale up; sugar; survivorship

Associate Program 3 Project Summary The goal of Associate Program 3 is to use and further our understanding of the chemical ecology of coral reef organisms to better inform drug discovery and to provide new and more effective management options for conserving and restoring the diversity and ecological function of coral reefs. We will collaborate with APs 1,2, and 4 to apply ecologically meaningful stresses to species (activation, induction) to enhance the diversity or potency of bioactive metabolites they are producing. Our conservation efforts will focus on further determining the critical role that chemical cues from benthic organisms play in suppressing (seaweeds) or stimulating (corals) recruitment of corals and fishes that must colonize for damaged reefs to recover. We will determine which cuing species are most critical, the variance in response of fishes as a function of trophic group and taxonomy, and whether fishes and corals are responding to the same general cues. Collaborations with AP2 will attempt to identify some of the major metabolites involved. We will scale-up our laboratory and small-scale field experiments to test whether we can initiate reef recovery on scales of 100m2 on degraded reefs in 3 replicate villages on the Coral Coast. This will be accomplished via removal of suppressive seaweeds, addition of stimulatory corals, both, and neither. The recruitment, survival and growth of individual corals will then be followed as will the physical condition and growth rates of newly recruiting fishes. At still larger scales we will evaluate the influence of water-shed scale land use patterns (native vegetation vs introduced mahogany, sugar cane, or oil palm) on chemical cues affecting fish recruitment to adjacent reefs and whether the negative effects of agricultural crops are negated by runoff progressing through coastal mangroves. If so, this provides a management strategy for retaining both coastal agriculture and fishes. At smaller scales, we will conduct metatranscriptomic analyses of the coral host, its zooxanthellae, and its microbiomes through time following coral contact with allelopathic seaweeds to determine the roles of microbially mediated processes in the negative impacts of seaweed on corals. We will cultivate and investigate the roles of microbes from healthy versus stressed corals, test the effects of seaweed extracts on coral-associated bacteria, and assess whether commensal microbes chemically protect corals from microbial pathogens. If so, we will work with AP2 to further investigate the antagonistic interactions and the chemicals involved.

副计划3 项目摘要 Associate计划3的目标是使用并进一步了解我们对珊瑚礁化学生态的理解 有机体更好地告知药物发现，并为 保护和恢复珊瑚礁的多样性和生态功能。我们将与APS 1,2合作， 4将生态意义的压力应用于物种（激活，诱导）以增强多样性或 它们产生的生物活性代谢产物的效力。我们的保护工作将集中于进一步确定 底栖生物的化学提示在抑制（海藻）或刺激的关键作用 （珊瑚）必须招募必须定居的珊瑚和鱼类，以使礁石恢复。我们将确定 哪种提示物种最关键，鱼类反应的差异是营养群的函数， 分类法，以及鱼类和珊瑚是否正在响应同一一般线索。与AP2的合作 将尝试确定一些主要的代谢产物。我们将扩大实验室和小规模 测试我们是否可以在3中降级的珊瑚礁的尺度上启动礁石恢复的现场实验 在珊瑚海岸复制村庄。这将通过去除抑制性海藻来完成 添加刺激性珊瑚，都不是。单个珊瑚的招募，生存和成长将 然后随着新招募鱼类的身体状况和生长速度的遵循。在更大的尺度上 我们将评估水上秤土地利用模式的影响（本地植被与引入 桃花心木，甘蔗或油棕）在影响邻近礁鱼的化学线索上 农作物的负面影响因沿海红树林的发展而否定。如果是这样， 这为保留沿海农业和鱼类的管理策略提供了一种管理策略。在较小的尺度上，我们 将对珊瑚宿主，Zooxanthellae及其微生物组进行元文字分析。 在与化属性海藻接触之后，以确定微生物介导过程的作用 海藻对珊瑚的负面影响。我们将培养和研究健康中微生物的作用 与压力的珊瑚，测试海藻提取物对珊瑚相关细菌的影响，并评估是否是否 共生微生物化学保护珊瑚免受微生物病原体的影响。如果是这样，我们将与AP2合作 进一步研究拮抗相互作用和所涉及的化学物质。